The time of formation of cholangiocarcinoma cannot be determined. Active treatment of risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma can reduce the chance of cancer to some extent. The pathogenesis of bile duct cancer is still unknown, but its formation may be related to chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, gallbladder stones, congenital diseases of the bile duct, Schistosoma mansoni infection and viral hepatitis. Therefore, when these diseases occur, they should be treated actively to reduce the occurrence of bile duct cancer. In addition, cancer is a relatively long process, which is also related to genetic factors, and the key is prevention. When abdominal pain and distension occur from time to time, or even a lump can be felt in the abdomen, as well as symptoms such as unexplained weight loss and yellowing of the skin, one should be alert and seek medical treatment in time to make a clear diagnosis and then actively treat the disease. Bile duct cancer has poor prognosis and high malignant degree, so it should be detected, diagnosed and treated early to prolong patients’ life as much as possible.