The difference between common peroneal nerve dissection and compression is that the etiology is different, and the clinical manifestations and treatments will also be different. 1. Etiology: common peroneal nerve dissection is mostly caused by open injury of lower limb, such as open fracture of lower limb, etc.; common peroneal nerve compression is mostly caused by closed injury, which leads to tissue edema and nerve compression, or plaster fixation and compression of nerve, etc. 2. Clinical manifestations: common peroneal nerve is divided from sciatic nerve, which innervates the anterolateral muscle group of the calf and the skin of the anterolateral calf and dorsum of the foot. Therefore, after the severance of common peroneal nerve, there are sensory disorder of the anterior and medial side of the calf and dorsum of the foot, loss of the function of extending the thumb and toes, dysfunction of dorsal extension of the ankle and external rotation of the ankle and foot inversion deformity; the compression of the common peroneal nerve leads to the pain of the lateral muscle group of the calf and the weakness of the toes, and the weakness of the dorsal extension of toes and other symptoms. 3. Treatment: when the common peroneal nerve is dissected, the nerve should be explored and repaired in time, if the function is not restored, the tendon displacement can be used to correct the foot drop deformity in the late stage; the common peroneal nerve compression should be relieved from the compression in time, and appropriate use of nutritive nerve medication, continuous observation, and if there is no improvement in three months, the surgical treatment is feasible. If the above symptoms occur, the patient should go to the hospital for standardized treatment in time, to avoid untimely treatment leading to permanent nerve damage.