Oral and maxillofacial tumors have distinctive features in diagnosis and treatment because of their special anatomical location, structural and functional complexity, therefore, regardless of the benign and malignant nature of the tumors, surgical procedures have a significant impact on the patients’ appearance. Oral and maxillofacial tumors are usually found in oral mucosa, gingiva and jawbone, mostly of dental and epithelial origin, such as enamel cell tumor and pleomorphic adenoma, etc.; followed by mesenchymal tissue tumors such as vascular tumor and fibroma, etc. Cysts and tumor-like lesions are not true tumors, but they often have some biological behaviors and clinical manifestations of tumors, so they are included in this chapter for discussion. The most common oral and maxillofacial tumors are carcinoma, nearly 90%, and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common among the carcinomas. The tumors with the first 10 pathological classifications are: squamous cell carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, mucous epidermis-like carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hypofractionated carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma malignancy, leukoplakia malignancy, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma; gingival carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, buccal carcinoma, palate carcinoma and upper Gum, tongue, cheek, palate and upper jaw sinus cancers are common. In China, oral cancer accounts for about 1% to 6% of the malignant tumors in the whole body, and the composition ratio is ranked after 10 among all parts of the body. Oral and maxillofacial squamous carcinoma mostly occurs between 40 and 60 years old, and the number of patients accounts for about half of the total number of cases, with more men than women. In recent years, the number of malignant tumor incidence and the average age of incidence tend to increase, while the gender composition ratio of men and women tend to decrease. Oral cancer can be divided into carcinoma of gingivae, carcinoma of lip, carcinoma of buccal mucosa, carcinoma of tongue, carcinoma offloor, and carcinoma of palate according to the site of occurrence. Carcinoma of palate), carcinoma of the maxillary sinus, etc. It is generally believed that carcinomas in the anterior part of the oral cavity are more differentiated, and carcinomas in the posterior part of the oral cavity are less differentiated. After years of exploration and practice. At present, the principle of comprehensive therapy, which is mainly based on surgery and multidisciplinary (mulridisci-pline) collaboration and characterized by integrated and sequential, has been established for oral and maxillofacial tumors. At present, the average 5-year survival rate of all stages of oral cancer in China is about 60%.