Blood exchange therapy is a treatment method to cure the disease by importing a large amount of normal plasma into the patient’s body while replacing the plasma in the patient’s body, which is clinically known as plasma exchange. In clinical practice, the common indications for blood exchange therapy are: i. Neonatal hemolysis and severe hemolytic reactions, both of which are due to the production of autoantibodies against red blood cells in the plasma, resulting in the destruction of red blood cells. In patients with uremia, the concentration of toxic substances such as urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid in the blood increases due to kidney failure, and blood exchange therapy can effectively reduce the damaging effects of these toxic substances on the body. Patients with hepatic encephalopathy, who are in a coma due to liver disease, can use blood exchange therapy to reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the blood to the central nervous system and to promote the patient’s wakefulness.