Infants and children with acute necrotizing enterocolitis have atypical symptoms, with the onset of the disease mostly in the first 3 to 10 days of life. They are admitted to the ward due to prematurity or low weight, and during artificial feeding or during nasal feeding with a gastric tube in immature children due to incomplete establishment of the swallowing reflex, they are found to have retention in the stomach, followed by abdominal distention, vomiting, fever with blood in the stool or temperature not rising, tachycardia or slow heart rate, abdominal muscle tension, abdominal distension, erythema of the abdominal wall, and other signs. How can acute necrotizing enterocolitis be effectively prevented? A variety of supportive therapies are used, including fasting, gastrointestinal decompression infusion and anti-infective shock and other comprehensive treatment measures, with a view to achieving a stable condition. 1, fluid support: especially for critically ill patients should establish effective intravenous access and take central venous pressure monitoring under infusion, pay attention to effective circulatory resuscitation. In the expansion of fluid transfusion at the same time according to the situation should be supplemented with fresh blood, plasma, fibrinogen, prothrombin complex and input platelets. Fluid loss due to diarrhea, vomiting and insufficient intake due to fasting can cause disturbance of electrolyte and acid-base balance along with blood volume reduction. Dynamic monitoring of blood biochemical indicators, replenishment of sodium, potassium, chloride and possible calcium, magnesium and trace elements deficiency, correction of metabolic acidosis to maintain the stability of the body’s internal environment is an important life-saving measure. 2, nutritional support: these patients belong to high catabolic state, their basal metabolic rate can increase to 50% ~ 150%, need protein and calorie supplementation, metabolic car can be used to determine the patient’s energy consumption when available, to guide rehydration. Clinically, glucose, medium and long chain fatty acids and amino acids are mostly used as substrates for nutritional support, and the ratio of heat and nitrogen can be 418kJ (100kcal):1g. In infants, because the main metabolic substance of each organ is fat, the amount of fat emulsion can be up to 4g/(kg-d), and in young children for nutritional support, essential amino acids should be 40%~50% of the total amino acid intake. Administration of fluids to infants should be carefully calculated. Giving the right amount of glutamine can improve the nitrogen balance, promote the nutrition and renewal of intestinal mucosal cells, and pay attention to the supplementation of various vitamins needed in the body. Attention should be paid to the monitoring of complications in the process of nutritional support. 3.Anti-shock treatment: Intestinal-derived infection causes peripheral inflammatory response, which leads to infectious shock in severe cases. Rehydration and correction of circulating blood insufficiency are the main measures of anti-shock. When performing effective fluid resuscitation, vasodilators such as scopolamine can be given. At the same time, use drugs that are effective against intestinal bacteria, such as metronidazole, haloperidol, three generations of cephalosporins, kanamycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, etc., and generally use a combination of two drugs with different mechanisms of action. Adrenocorticotropic hormone can improve the circumstance, stabilize the lysosomal membrane and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators, and is generally used for 3-5 days, but it should be noted that adrenocorticotropic hormone has the risk of aggravating intestinal bleeding and promoting intestinal perforation, and should be used with caution. Throw hemostatic drugs such as p-carboxymethylbenzylamine, vitamin K, hemostatic minerals, etc. Growth-inhibiting drugs such as santodine have a certain therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal bleeding. In the anti-shock treatment at the same time should pay attention to respiratory support, oxygen supply, give cardiac, diuretic drugs, observe urine volume, cool down when high temperature, etc.. According to changes in the condition to lose no time to decide surgical treatment. 4. Dietary management: After the aforementioned medical treatment, if the patient’s condition improves, he should continue the parenteral nutrition and maintain the gastrointestinal decompression, and continue to use antibiotics for 7-10 days in order to obtain complete remission. Food intake should start with clear liquid, gradually transition to liquid, semi-liquid, less crumbly diet, and should be stopped for those who develop gastrointestinal symptoms after eating, and then eat again after the symptoms disappear. Feeding infants is a patient and careful dietary care process, we should pay attention to observe the reaction after feeding, feeding should be chosen to start with water, later give diluted milk, observe stool to understand the digestion, pay attention to prevent abdominal distension and gastric retention. For acute simple cholecystitis with milder symptoms, non-surgical therapy can be considered to control inflammation first and then elective surgery after further identification of the condition. For more severe acute purulent or gangrenous cholecystitis or gallbladder perforation, prompt surgical treatment should be performed, but preoperative preparations must be made, including correction of imbalance of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance, and application of antibiotics. Non-operative therapy is effective in most (about 80-85%) of patients with early acute cholecystitis. This approach includes antispasmodic analgesia, antibiotic application, correction of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance imbalance, and systemic supportive therapy. During the treatment with non-surgical therapy, it is important to closely observe the changes in the condition and to change to surgical treatment in time if the signs and symptoms develop. Particular attention should be paid to the elderly and diabetic patients, whose conditions change more rapidly. It is estimated that about 1/4 of patients with acute cholecystitis will develop gallbladder gangrene or perforation.