Vaginal bleeding is one of the most common symptoms of female genital disorders. It is partly physiologically normal and not harmful to health. Pathological vaginal bleeding is a different story. Not only is it a sign of physical disease, but the bleeding itself can be harmful to your health. Vaginal bleeding can come from the vulva, vagina, cervix, and endometrium, but most often from the uterus. There are many causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as: ovarian endocrine dysfunction, abnormal pregnancy, tumors, inflammation of the reproductive tract, injury, foreign bodies, or systemic diseases. Age is important in the identification of vaginal bleeding: malignant tumors are most often considered in young girls and postmenopausal women (older women); dysfunctional uterine bleeding (gonorrhea) is first considered in adolescent women; pregnancy-related diseases are most often considered in women of childbearing age. Vaginal bleeding can be broadly classified into the following types: 1. Increased menstrual flow, prolonged periods but normal cycles. Most likely to be uterine fibroids, myometriosis, gongblood, in addition to those with contraceptive ring may also have increased menstrual flow. 2. Irregular vaginal bleeding in the menstrual cycle. This is often gonorrhea, but endometrial cancer should be excluded first. 3.Long-term persistent vaginal bleeding. Mostly malignant tumors of reproductive organs, such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, etc. 4.Irregular bleeding after menopause. Women of childbearing age mostly consider pregnancy-related diseases, such as miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, gravida, etc.; postmenopausal women mostly have the possibility of malignant tumors. 5. Post-coital bleeding. Most of them are cervical erosion, cervical polyp, cervical cancer or submucosal fibroid. 6.Vaginal bleeding with leucorrhea. Mostly considered as advanced cervical cancer, endometrial cancer with infection. 7.Paroxysmal vaginal blood and water. There is a possibility of primary fallopian tube cancer. 8.Intermenstrual bleeding. Occurs between two periods, lasts 3-4 days, and when the blood volume is very small, it is mostly ovulatory bleeding. 9. Pre- and post-menstrual spotting bleeding. A small amount of bloody discharge before or several days after menstruation is usually due to abnormal ovarian function and may also be endometriosis. (Li Jia) First aid measures 1. For a small amount of bleeding, pay attention to the patient’s mental condition, count the pulse rate and let the patient rest in bed absolutely. For those who are pale and sweating, put the head down, elevate the feet a little, drink some light saline, pay attention to keeping warm, and do not overheat. Take appropriate sedative drugs or take hemostatic drugs at the same time. Wait for the condition to stabilize before going to the hospital. 2.You can also put a cold water bag or ice bag on the lower abdomen to stop the bleeding with cold compresses. In case of nausea, the face should be tilted to the side to prevent suffocation. Precautions 1.In case of heavy bleeding, you should ask a doctor or notify the emergency center as soon as possible, otherwise it will lead to death. 2.If the bleeding is small, first rest quietly at home for observation, so walking or riding in a car will cause the condition to deteriorate and can be carried to the hospital for examination.