Allergic rhinitis in spring and autumn is an allergic inflammation of the nasal cavity with common symptoms such as itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, and nasal congestion. The clear mucus secreted by the nasal mucosa, caused by postnasal drip, often causes coughing, loss of smell is also common, and occasionally there is a loss of taste, which affects the appetite. Allergic rhinitis symptoms affect the quality of life of the patient to the health of the whole organism, and may also develop into allergic asthma.
Some patients may not develop allergic rhinitis when they move to another area with different climate and geographic conditions due to differences in plant species, but they may develop it again after several years due to repeated allergy to certain local pollen.
Therefore, it is important to recognize the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
The onset of seasonal allergic rhinitis is a clinical characteristic of seasonal allergic rhinitis, which starts every pollen dispersal season.
The onset of the disease can be associated with itchy eyes, conjunctival congestion and edema in severe cases, leading to misdiagnosis as common conjunctivitis.
3. Patients have daily nasal itching and sneezing bouts, often for several consecutive times. Daily nasal congestion, accompanied by a large amount of watery nasal mucus.
4, nasal itch is unbearable, have to often squeeze the eyes and rub the nose, when the flowering period is over, most patients do not cure.
Perennial allergic rhinitis is a year-round disease with the same pathogenesis as seasonal allergic rhinitis.
According to medical observations, untreated allergic rhinitis can lead to complications such as sinusitis, otitis media, nasal polyps, and bronchial asthma.
Common allergic rhinitis complications are.
1, bronchial asthma: the most common complication of allergic rhinitis, the disease of the nasal cavity leads to the failure of its viral defenses and invasion of the bronchi and even the abdomen.
2, allergic sinusitis: due to edema of the mucosa of the sinus opening, resulting in nasal congestion and poor drainage, and progressive negative pressure in the sinus cavity, when patients have more headaches, such as accompanied by infection, can have allergic sinusitis produced.
3, secretory otitis media: pharyngeal involvement and edema, so that the pharyngeal mouth narrowing, obstruction, resulting in negative pressure in the tympanic chamber, middle ear exudative fluid production.
4, allergic pharyngitis: patients may also have throat itching, cough, or mild hoarseness, and in severe cases, epiglottis and vocal fold mucous membrane edema leading to breathing difficulties.
5.Nasal polyp: Repeated nasal mucous membrane congestion and edema lead to the formation of nasal polyps, blocking the nasal cavity and causing ventilation disorders, which need to be surgically removed to completely cure.
6.Sniffing disorder: nasal mucosa edema or nasal infection injures the olfactory nerve.
Allergic rhinitis, whether seasonal or perennial, is indeed a disease that is difficult to cure. Because it is a kind of allergic disease caused by the disorder of immune system. In other words, it is a systemic disease, not just a problem of the nose. Therefore, it is theoretically impossible to guarantee a solution with local surgery. Allergic rhinitis can be cured after the spring and autumn seasons, while perennial allergic rhinitis requires appropriate treatment.
Current treatments.
1, drugs.
Medications are generally taken orally: loratadine (keratan), cetirizine, imipramine (petronectin), montelukast sodium (sulforaphane) and other drugs; nasal sprays: beclomethasone (Burkner), budesonide (Reynocort), mometasone furoate (endosulfan), fluticasone (coleus), azelaic acid (kaiserpine) and so on. There are many medications to choose from. There are always patients who ask us which drug works well, and there are always many people who complain that so-and-so drug is not effective. As a rule of thumb, all of these drugs have therapeutic effects, but their effectiveness varies from person to person (the medical term is “individual differences”), so which one is best for you? You will have to answer this question after you have used them yourself.
From a statistical point of view, the effects of these drugs are similar. The principle of medication: oral and nasal spray can be used when the symptoms are severe, and nasal spray alone can be used when the symptoms are satisfactorily controlled. Should pay attention to the continuity of medication, do not fish for three days, otherwise what drug effect will not be too good. No symptoms should also continue to use for a period of time.
There is also a drug therapy: long-acting hormone intramuscular injection. Commonly used are Coninextrone (tretinoin), Depo Pine (betamethasone), recently many people want to come to play this injection, some are previously played feel very good, but also listen to others introduced. This is a glucocorticoid, after the injection is really effective, but can not play this long-term, now is not the first choice of drugs.
2, immunotherapy.
Also called desensitization therapy. Commonly known as “vaccination”. Is a low concentration of allergen preparations, regular and continuous injection into the body, and finally your body’s antibodies are consumed (antibody closure). This therapy is theoretically very effective, but in practice it is difficult to accept for various reasons (e.g. the course of treatment is too long, frequent injections are inconvenient, patients cannot tolerate injections, etc.). The Department of Allergic reactions at Peking Union Medical College Hospital has been working on this earlier, so if you are interested, you can go for consultation.
3.Surgical treatment.
Surgical treatment entirely for allergic rhinitis is not the first clinical choice.
Drug therapy is safe, convenient, economical, and repeatable and reversible. Generally 80% of patients are effective. The reason for the poor efficacy is that apart from a small number of people who are really not sensitive to drugs, most of them are not actively seeking drugs that really work for them or are not well adhered to the medication. On the contrary, if you have nasal polyps, sinusitis, deviated nasal septum, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy (bony hypertrophy), you should consider comprehensive treatment (surgery + medication), which can sometimes have unexpectedly good results.