Prevention and treatment of mastitis during lactation Most patients with mastitis are primiparous, with blockage of the milk ducts in the breast and stagnation of milk leading to the formation of a milk accumulation abscess in the breast. Mastitis can occur at any time during lactation, but mostly occurs 4 weeks to 3 months after delivery. Clinical manifestations: 1. local redness, swelling, heat and pain formation in the breast; increase in volume of the affected breast, local hardening, redness of the skin, pressure and throbbing pain; 2. formation of local lumps or abscesses in the breast; 3. elevated body temperature, mostly above 38,5°C, increased white blood cell count; often accompanied by hyperthermia, chills and other symptoms of systemic toxicity. Etiology: postpartum physiological breast swelling belongs to the postpartum hormone level changes produced by glandular hyperplasia, glandular vesicle hyperplasia, milk duct expansion, breast edema, at this time the mammary glands are not yet smooth, hot compresses will all aggravate edema. The best way is to hand squeeze massage plus baby sucking diligently. Usually disappear on their own in about three days. 1, milk stagnation ① too much milk, not in time to empty the excess milk in the mammary gland, causing milk stagnation to the mammary gland. ②The nipple is too small or sunken, which prevents breastfeeding and causes the milk to accumulate in the mammary gland. ③Incompetence of the breast ducts, inflammation of the ducts themselves and tumor compression. ④Blocking of the milk ducts due to external force (mostly due to the impact of the child). ⑤ Wearing tight underwear, or not breastfeeding for a long time, it is easy to form milk knots leading to mastitis. 2, the invasion of bacteria ① infants often sleep with the nipple, but also can make the infant oral inflammation directly invaded spread to the milk ducts, and then spread to the interstitial mammary glands caused by purulent infection. (2) Long breastfeeding time (usually within 10-15 minutes at a time) can cause inflammation in the baby’s mouth to spread to the milk ducts. ③The difficulty of sucking the baby’s breast when the nipples are invaginated, which easily causes breakage around the nipples, is the main way for bacteria to invade along the lymphatic vessels and cause infection. ④The nipple is broken or cracked, and bacteria enter through the fissure causing infection of the mammary gland. Treatment: Early treatment pay attention to rest to suspend breastfeeding on the affected side, clean the nipple areola to promote milk excretion, you can use penicillin drip, local use % magnesium sulfate wet and hot physiotherapy. Severe cases should be incised and drained. Keep a relaxed mood. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a lot of money from the internet. 1, the initial stage of mastitis: aseptic mastitis, after the serious accumulation of milk, breast local redness, swelling, heat, pain, and even systemic symptoms, such as chills, dizziness and headache, weakness and soreness of the limbs, high fever. At this time, the stasis has become more serious. Do not apply hot compresses (hot compresses will speed up milk production, while the elimination of bruising is slow, so hot compresses may aggravate the symptoms instead). If necessary, apply hot compresses around the areola. Ask your lactation consultant to massage and unblock your breasts, take antipyretic and anti-inflammatory medication, and rehydrate in time. ③Change different breastfeeding positions when breastfeeding, evenly suck through, and suck the milk from the affected side with a breast pump (try to avoid the baby eating the milk from the affected side). 3. If the temperature continues to be high and does not subside, seek medical treatment with fluids in a timely manner to control the temperature and dehydration symptoms first, and then continue with the lactation massage. 2. Breast abscess formation period: If milk knots have been produced, do not apply hot compresses. The source of milk stagnation is actually the blockage of the milk ducts, so the best way to deal with it is to find the source of the blockage and treat it symptomatically. If the milk ducts are blocked, squeeze them by hand to remove the blockage. If an abscess forms in the breast, the lump becomes soft in the center, and if it is a deep breast abscess, there will be swelling, pain and high fever in the whole breast. The best way: ① Seek medical attention promptly and perform ultrasound examination to confirm the diagnosis and then perform puncture treatment. ① Seek prompt medical attention, confirm the diagnosis with ultrasound and then perform puncture treatment. If necessary, physiotherapy and acupuncture treatment are also effective. 3.The abscess break formation period: After the symptomatic treatment of breast abscess is ineffective, or after the breast abscess breaks down, the treatment method: ① If the pus does not come out smoothly after the break down, the lump does not disappear, the pain does not decrease, the body heat does not subside, it means the pus phenomenon, then it is necessary to cut open and drain the pus, and drain the pus completely. If the pus invades other lobes of the gland, it becomes a transcystic canker sore, and each lobe of the formed breast abscess needs to be opened to drain the pus. Sometimes milk is seen to overflow from the sore or the pus is clear and dilute, forming a milk leak, which requires the placement of drainage strips. Prevention: The main measures to prevent mastitis are to prevent milk stasis and avoid bacterial infection. 1, feeding time is generally controlled within 10-15 minutes, not easy to be too long, left and right exchange breastfeeding; 2, if too much milk, do not empty, mammary gland up, borrow external force (with a breast pump or a larger child to absorb the net) to suck the milk until comfortable; 4, feeding time to change different positions (due to gravity milk is generally at the bottom, the baby is not easy to suck clean). 5, the mother’s clothes should be loose, do not wear tight underwear. 6, timely treatment of cracked nipples.