Compared with open-heart surgery, it has been widely recognized by respiratory physicians and patients because of its small trauma and fast recovery. Precautions for examination 1.Patients and family members should be informed and sign 2.Family members must accompany 3.Pre-operative medical history, blood pressure measurement, such as hypertension, need to use drugs to reduce to normal 4.Pre-operative blood tests, oxygen saturation, prothrombin time (PT), ECG, and bring X-rays and CT films 5.Pre-operative fasting for more than 4 hours, abstain from drinking for more than hours 6.Pre-operative use of sedatives, painkillers, atropine, etc. 7.Postoperative close observation is required 8.Postoperative antibiotics Indications: 1.Diagnosis of pleural effusion and pleural space-occupying lesions 2.Help in staging lung cancer 3.Pleural adhesion fixation for pleural effusion 4.Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax 5.Other: Lung biopsy, treatment of abscess thorax, diagnosis of rare pleural tumors Contraindications: 1.Clotting time and blood routine are not normal 2.Oxygen saturation less than 95 3, cellular lung 4, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula 5, highly vascular proliferative lesions 6, trapped lung 7, severe encapsulation of fluid separation 8, poor general condition of the patient 9, abnormal temperature (unless septic chest is suspected) Complications: 1, preoperative air embolism 2, intraoperative vagal reflex symptoms (pleural reaction), pain, cough and dyspnea, hypoxemia, bronchospasm, hemothorax, damage to blood vessels during biopsy 3, postoperative Air leak, fever, wound and intrathoracic infection, subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema 4.Other