Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) is a brand new thoracic surgical technique developed rapidly in the 1990s. Because of its small trauma, light pain, fast recovery, real efficacy, safety and reliability, as well as the incision meets the cosmetic requirements and many other advantages by the majority of patients and thoracic surgeons welcome. After just ten years of development, TV thoracoscopic surgery has become a mature technology and one of the commonly used surgical methods in thoracic surgery. At present, VATS has accounted for more than 3/4 of the total number of thoracic surgery cases in many medical centers at home and abroad. The clinical application of TV thoracoscopic surgery has changed the concept of treatment of some thoracic surgical diseases, especially in redefining the surgical indications and contraindications for certain diseases. Thoracoscopic surgery is applicable to the diagnosis and radical resection of early lung cancer, as well as the diagnosis and palliative treatment of advanced lung cancer; the diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases; the treatment of benign esophageal diseases and part of esophageal cancer; the treatment of benign mediastinal diseases and myasthenia gravis. Its indications are still expanding. Lewis (1992) was the first to introduce thoracoscopic lobectomy. However, due to the difficulty of the actual operation of this procedure, it is only suitable for benign lung diseases and stage I (T1N0M0) non-small cell lung cancer, as well as metastatic cancers that require lobectomy. The standard operation mode of traditional lung cancer surgery is posterior lateral chest incision: it is about 20-30cm long and has to cut off multiple layers of muscles in the chest and back, which results in large trauma, high bleeding, cumbersome operation of opening and closing the chest, and long time. After the operation, many patients suffer from upper limb activity disorder, intercostal nerve pain and other sequelae. The advantages of minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery are: 1. Significant reduction of postoperative pain: one of the advantages of thoracoscopic surgery is that it reduces the postoperative pain of patients, and reduces the application dose and application time of postoperative analgesic drugs for patients. Postoperative pain after thoracic surgery is mainly related to rib opening, so thoracoscopic lobectomy without rib opening is more in line with the requirements of minimally invasive surgery; the surgical incision is 1 to 2 incisions of about 1.5cm incision stomatoscopy incision and a 4th intercostal anterior axillary line at the position of the incision of about 3.5-4.5cm (while the traditional open surgery incision length of 20-30cm), and the next day after the operation, can get down to the ground and leave the bed activities. 2.Shorten the time of chest tube placement and hospitalization time, thus saving a lot of medical expenses for patients. Comparison of lung function and activity ability: Thoracoscopic surgery does not cut off the chest wall muscles and does not open the ribs, which largely preserves the integrity of the thorax and the patient’s respiratory function compared with conventional open-heart surgery, so the patient’s postoperative lung function and activity ability are better than that of patients undergoing conventional open-heart surgery. Thoracoscopic mediastinal lymph nodes are more easily detected because of the magnification of the thoracoscope, and the operation is also very easy and reliable. We appreciated that, with the continuous improvement of operation techniques, the application of either electrocoagulation hook or ultrasonic knife was able to completely clear the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes (left side: 5-10 groups; right side: 2-4 and 7–10 groups). Thoracoscopy allows close observation of the lymph nodes, not only can the entire mediastinum (including the subluxation) be explored under a clear view, but also the enlarged lymph nodes and the surrounding fatty tissues can be resected in one piece, which is more in line with the requirements of radical surgery.