Extrapleural thoracoplasty is a procedure in which a group of ribs is removed under the periosteum, collapsing the local chest wall to reduce the chest cavity in that area The new ribs from the periosteum will keep the local chest wall collapsed for 6 to 8 weeks after the operation, reducing the chest cavity forever. Thoracoplasty is commonly used for chronic pyothorax. Chest wall collapse can result from untimely or inappropriate treatment of acute pyothorax, retention of a foreign body in the chest cavity, failure to cure the primary disease causing the pyothorax, or idiopathic infection. Because the disease is a severe wasting disease, it should be treated promptly and nutritional supply should be ensured. Septhorax, especially chronic sepsis, is a wasting disease, so supportive therapy should be highly emphasized, giving high-energy diets, replacing lost proteins, maintaining water, electrolyte, and acid-base balances, and small intermittent transfusions of blood or plasma are very important in the treatment. Bronchial antispasmodics should also be actively used to facilitate expectoration, as well as traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Seek medical attention when the disease is detected, and have regular medical checkups every year. X-ray: pleural hypertrophy on the affected side, narrow intercostal space, and a large, dense, hairy, fuzzy shadow. The mediastinum is displaced to the affected side, and the diaphragm is elevated. High-voltage films or body films may show hypertrophied pleura, abscess cavities, and lung tissue. The presence of fluid planes indicates that there has been a pulmonary air leak or that a bronchopleural fistula is still present. Combined with a front and side chest radiograph the size and location of the abscess cavity can be clarified. When a fluid level is present, horizontal projection in the healthy lateral position can show the location of the bottom of the abscess cavity. CT examination can further clarify the presence of lung tissue lesions, such as tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, cysts or abscesses, and can be very helpful in formulating a surgical plan. Thoracic dissection with lobectomy or even total lung resection or thoracoplasty is often required if there are intrapulmonary lesions. B-type ultrasonography in the pleural effusion of liquid dark maze because the liquid within the cellular components of the liquid, often aggregated with each other, the formation of flocculent, so the sonogram is seen on the strength of the uneven, unevenly distributed small echoes, and a slight floating phenomenon. If the patient quickly move the body, the liquid fairy echo floating enhancement, and even roll up and down, very easy to recognize. To identify with a variety of chest deformities such as funnel chest, chicken chest, etc. Rarely, there are sternal fissures, as well as mainly due to trauma or surgery caused by chest deformities. Funnel chest is a downward depression of the chest, while chicken chest is a forward projection of the chest in the center. Pyothorax, especially chronic pyothorax, is a wasting disease and therefore supportive therapy should be highly emphasized, with the administration of a high-energy diet to replenish lost proteins, maintenance of water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, and small intermittent transfusions of blood or plasma being very important in the treatment. Bronchial antispasmodics should also be used aggressively to facilitate expectoration, as well as traditional Chinese medicine.