Thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is regarded as one of the major breakthroughs in thoracic surgery in the last century. It is a new minimally invasive thoracic surgery technique that utilizes modern television camera technology and high-tech surgical instrumentation to complete complex intra-thoracic surgeries under chest wall cannulae or tiny incisions. It has changed the concept of treatment for a number of thoracic surgical diseases and is considered to be the most significant advancement in thoracic surgery at the end of the 20th century and the future direction of thoracic surgery. It is usually performed under three small 1.5cm incisions, where the surgeon observes the anatomical structure through TV and completes the surgery with special surgical instruments, which is equivalent to extending the surgeon’s eyes into the patient’s chest cavity for surgical operation, so the operation is more delicate, and the resection can be more thorough for the patients with surgical indications. Our department currently carries out various thoracoscopic surgeries: including thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery, thoracoscopic lobectomy, thoracoscopic segmental lung resection, thoracoscopic radical esophageal cancer surgery, thoracoscopic surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis, and thoracoscopic mediastinal tumor resection.