In some children, the lungs can present with a range of lung diseases due to congenital or acquired factors. The common ones are cystic adenomatoid malformation, isolated lung, lobar emphysema, branchial dilatation and so on. Once diagnosed, these diseases need to be treated with surgery at the right time, otherwise they can lead to recurrent lung infections in the child, causing serious complications, and some of them may even lead to cancer. For thoracic surgery, postoperative exercises such as deep breathing and coughing are especially important for postoperative recovery and avoiding postoperative pulmonary complications. However, if the postoperative child has severe pain and is unable to cooperate with the above restorative exercises, he or she will be prone to pulmonary complications. Due to the limitation of bony thorax, traditional lobectomy has long incision, high trauma, poor intraoperative exposure, especially the need to forcibly separate the ribs during the operation, heavier postoperative pain, slower recovery, poor cooperation of the child’s respiratory exercise, and more postoperative complications. Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery for lobectomy only requires 3-4 small holes in the chest wall, which is less traumatic and does not require separation of the ribs during the operation, so the postoperative pain is mild, the postoperative recovery is fast, and there are fewer complications. However, pediatric thoracoscopic surgery requires higher minimally invasive techniques from the surgeon, and only a few institutions in China can perform this surgery. Due to the small trauma of thoracoscopic surgery, as well as the clear vision and accurate positioning of the operation under the laparoscope, the interference with the thoracic cavity is slight, and the surgical shock to the children can be reduced to a minimum. Most of the children recovered well after the surgery, with a low rate of postoperative complications such as pneumonia, and were discharged from the hospital in 5-7 days. Through the review and follow-up of the surgical patients, all of them achieved good therapeutic results, and the surgical scar gradually faded after half a year after the operation, achieving the cosmetic effect of minimally invasive surgery.