Clinically, there is no such statement as “the most advanced treatment for upper esophageal cancer”. Early stage upper esophageal cancer can be cured by endoscopic treatment, while middle and advanced stage upper esophageal cancer can be cured by surgery, radiotherapy and other comprehensive methods, which can improve the symptoms and prolong the survival period. Esophageal cancer refers to malignant tumors originated from the mucosal epithelium of esophagus. Early-stage upper esophageal cancer can often be cured by endoscopic treatments such as endoscopic mucosal resection or multi-ring ligation mucosal resection, and the prognosis is good. In middle and late stage esophageal cancer, surgical resection, combined with surgical methods such as lymph node dissection and digestive tract reconstruction, and comprehensive treatments such as local radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the symptoms and prolong the survival period, but the prognosis is usually poor. If diagnosed with upper esophageal cancer, one should timely and actively cooperate with doctors for treatment so as not to delay the condition.