Neonatal red buttocks is a common and frequent disease in the neonatal period and is the most common problem in the neonatal unit. The skin of the buttocks and diaper contact area, such as the perianal area, perineum, and inguinal skin, is flushed, flaky, and vesicular, with scattered pinpoint-sized red papules or pus spots, often spreading to the urethra, labia majora and minora, scrotum, glans and both inner thighs, etc. The slightest external force or friction can cause injury. Causes of diaper rash in babies: urine contains urates, feces contains indoles and other irritants, after diapering, these substances continue to stimulate the skin, plus the delicate skin of newborns, red buttocks occur. The causes of red buttocks are as follows: (1) Diapers are not changed diligently. Children do not change diapers in time after urinating, especially at night, or use disposable diapers overnight until dawn, and do not change diapers for a long time, and urine causes irritation to the skin of the buttocks. (2) Do not wash after pooping. The newborn’s stool is thin and voluminous, and breastfed newborns usually have 4-5 stools a day. Because of the pocket diapers, the stool is often stained with the entire buttocks. Some parents or nannies use diapers to wipe away the stool from the buttocks after the child poops, but do not wash the buttocks, so that the whole buttocks is still adhered to the stool, and when diapers are worn again, red buttocks occur in a humid environment with irritants. (3) Wet buttocks. Many parents put on a clean diaper after washing the child’s buttocks or taking a bath, and wrap a layer of plastic paper outside to keep the child clean, but the child still has red buttocks. The cause of red buttocks in this case is local dampness. Newborns have a lot of skin folds on the buttocks, so it is not easy to wipe the water from the buttocks after washing, so they immediately put on a diaper and wrap the plastic paper outside, making the area impermeable. The moist environment makes the local skin resistance drop and red buttocks occur. (4) Diapers are rough and poorly absorbent. Some parents do not realize that their children’s skin is particularly delicate, and the diapers they prepare are rough or made of chemical fiber cloth, which is particularly poor in absorbency, making the local skin more moist; when wiping the buttocks, the skin is damaged due to rough movements and rough and hard diapers, and then red buttocks are more likely to occur in a moist and stimulating environment. In the case of mild red buttocks, the skin is only a little red. As long as you pay attention to cleaning the buttocks and keeping them dry, the redness will disappear after 3-4 days. However, red buttocks can be painful and itchy in severe cases, causing babies to cry a lot, be reluctant to eat, and sleep restlessly, thus affecting growth and development speed. Severe diaper rash can cause skin erosion, pimples, and peeling on the buttocks, and even further develop into larger epidermal ulcers and sores. Since the baby’s resistance is not strong enough, any damage to the skin can become a source of infection and in severe cases can lead to sepsis. When newborns have red buttocks, many parents often have the following inappropriate treatment: such as using hot water and soap to wash the skin of the buttocks, so that the baby’s buttock skin will be more red with new stimulation. Other parents sprinkle a lot of talcum powder, which is inappropriate. The powder is easy to harden after absorbing water, not only can it not keep the local dry, but also will irritate the child’s skin. Moreover, the main component of talcum powder is talcum powder, which contains inseparable lead, which cannot be excreted quickly when it enters the baby’s body. In addition, talcum powder contains magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate, which can easily cause respiratory damage by inhalation. The particles of talcum powder are very small and the dust can easily enter the vagina and cervix through the vulva, so special attention should be paid to not putting talcum powder on the lower part of the baby girl. So how to prevent and treat red buttocks? Keeping the skin dry and clean is the key to preventing and treating red buttocks. Specific measures include: 1. Use clean, soft and absorbent diapers, such as cotton cloth or disposable diapers. The outside of the diaper is not padded with plastic or rubber cloth, which facilitates moisture dissipation and reduces skin irritation. 2.Change diapers immediately after wetting; after each urination and defecation, wash the buttocks with warm water (35-40℃) and dry gently. 3.Pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of diapers; you must use qualified disposable diapers that meet hygiene requirements, such as using diapers with super absorbent power. These diapers usually contain polymer absorbent body with super concentrated absorption ability. If you use cloth diapers repeatedly, you should wash the diapers with soap and scald them with boiling water in time, rinse them with clean soap and dry them in the sun before using them again; on rainy days, you can use an iron to dry them, so as to avoid germ infection. If red buttocks have occurred, change diapers promptly after each bowel movement, then wash the buttocks and perineal skin with warm water and observe the skin flushing and erosion at this time: 1. If the skin is flushed and mildly or moderately eroded: use vegetable oils such as sesame oil, soybean oil or rapeseed oil, etc. to wipe the skin on the flushed and eroded parts. Or use moist burn cream (available at major pharmacies) to apply also has a very good effect. Moist burn cream has the role of anti-inflammatory and pain relief, water isolation, protection of the wound surface, and promote skin repair and regeneration. Can also be applied containing 0.5% neomycin of the furnace glycomycin application or Johnson & Johnson buttocks cream. 2, if the skin erosion, or even ulcers, ulcers have pus: this time there is an infection should be selected with antibiotic ointment such as mupirocin ointment (Bactroban ointment) to apply local. If your baby has fever and poor spirit, you should go to the pediatrician immediately. If the condition does not improve after 3-5 days of home care and treatment of newborn red buttocks, the baby may have other skin diseases or infections that are not under control or have mycobacterial infections, etc., and should be seen by a pediatrician immediately. Physical therapy can also be added to the above treatment: each time after washing the skin of the buttocks and perineum with warm water, do not be busy applying vegetable oil or ointment for the time being, and use a hairdryer (breeze, be careful not to burn) to dry the skin. A safer way is to sunbathe the buttocks, fully exposing the baby’s small buttocks to sunlight of suitable intensity for 1-2 hours to dry them, and also to prevent rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency.