Spring is here and all kinds of flowers are competing to open. At this time, many people will have this performance: sneezing constantly, nose always full of snot, clear snot always need paper to wipe, nasal cavity can’t be ventilated or even can’t breathe, while many people also have combined eye symptoms such as tearing, photophobia, eye itching and conjunctival congestion. When this happens, it means you are allergic to these things, which is allergic rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis. Currently 40% of the world’s population is afflicted by allergic rhinitis, allergic skin diseases and asthma, and this number is rising. This disease section causes reduced sense of smell, poor concentration in adolescents, hyperactive nasal secretion and reduced quality of life, and should be taken seriously.
The antigenic substances that stimulate the body to produce IgE antibodies are called allergens. The allergen substance re-enters the nasal mucosa and binds with the corresponding IgE to cause the allergic reaction. Allergens that cause the disease include: 1. Pollen is not all plant pollen can cause the disease. Only those pollen with large pollen volume, wide vegetation area, strong allergenicity and spread by wind are most likely to become allergens. Due to the difference of vegetation species, the allergenic pollen is also different in different areas.
2. Fungi are widely distributed in nature, mainly in soil and decaying organic matter. Both mycelium and spores are allergenic, but the spores are stronger.
3. House dust mites belong to the phylum Arthropoda, the spider family. Adult mites are generally 300-500 μm in size and are mainly found in all corners of the house, with the most abundant in the dust of mattresses, pillows, sofa cushions and other places. The excrement, eggs, debris and disintegrated limbs of mites can become allergens.
4. Animal dander is one of the strongest allergens. Susceptible individuals can be sensitized if they have long-term contact with the animal in question. After sensitization, if the contact with even a small amount of dander, it can stimulate nasal symptoms.
5. Indoor dust is one of the common allergens that cause perennial rhinitis. Its composition is quite complex and is a hodgepodge of various substances, including animal, plant and chemical substances.
In clinical practice, it is often encountered that allergic rhinitis is misdiagnosed as cold and sinusitis. The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis has the following points: generally, patients with allergic rhinitis have increased nasal secretion and symptoms in winter and spring or in cold air, such as spring pollen, French sycamore pollen and willow wool or when blowing air conditioners; patients have hyper-secretion of nasal discharge, which often lasts for more than 3 weeks without treatment, but no physical symptoms of fever.
Treatment principles: 1, avoid contact with allergens; 2, anti-allergic drug application; 3, immunotherapy. Drug treatment is currently mainly the combined application of antihistamines and glucocorticoids, which has a definite efficacy. On the other hand, exercise is needed to improve the body’s immunity and increase the body’s tolerance.