The significance of dietary therapy.
1, reduce the burden on the pancreatic islets. Diabetic patients have varying degrees of islet hypofunction. When the caloric intake is too high, the pancreatic islet workload increased.
2, weight loss. Most type 2 diabetic patients are overweight, arrange weight loss amount of diet, can reduce excess fat.
3, correct the metabolic disorders that have occurred. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder disease, through a balanced diet to normalize blood glucose levels, you can get the best blood glucose levels, supplement the lack of protein, so that the body thin patients to improve weight.
4.Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia can reduce the stimulation of pancreatic islet cells.
5.It is beneficial to prevent and treat acute complications and improve the overall health level.
The principle of diabetic diet therapy: the principle of diabetic diet therapy is “to achieve a nutritionally balanced diet within the prescribed caloric range.” In order to ensure nutritional balance, diabetic patients should match staple food with coarse and fine food, and side food with meat and vegetables within the prescribed calorie range, without picking and choosing, and without partial food.
Remember: can not drink thin rice (any grain boiled porridge, thin rice), can not eat fried, braised, smoked, baked food, every meal to eat the main food, the amount should be strictly controlled (about half a catty per day plus or minus), the fruit category in the cucumber, tomatoes do not limit (hungry but not hypoglycemia can be eaten), dumplings, buns and other stuffed food to eat less.
Avoid: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugar sweets, such as sugar, pastry, jam, honey, preserves, ice cream, etc.
Eat less: potatoes, yams, taro, lotus root, onions, carrots, lard, suet, cream, butter, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, egg yolk, liver, kidney and brain. Desirable food: coarse grains such as buckwheat, oats, cornmeal, soybeans and soy products, vegetables.
I. About food weighing
Diabetic diet except salt is not weighed, for all other foods, including staples, side dishes, vegetables and cooking oil, should be weighed before cooking after removing inedible parts such as skin, roots and bones, and then cooked.
1, because each person has differences in the digestion, absorption and utilization of food, some data is only the framework, in the actual application to fix the main food, with side dishes to regulate weight, reduce the amount of side dishes when overweight, increase the amount of side dishes when light weight, when reaching the ideal weight, the amount of eating side dishes to weight does not increase or decrease as appropriate.
2, food should be eaten in strict accordance with the prescribed amount, not more, not less, and not to eat, but also evenly (that is, each meal should have food, vegetables, protein).
3, vegetables in potatoes, white potatoes, yams, roots, water chestnuts, taro, fava beans, the main component is starch, should be counted as a staple food, should not be counted as vegetables. If you need to eat, you should reduce part of the staple food instead. Garlic, carrots in the starch content is high, should be consumed less.
4.Less food and more meals: Reasonable control of total calories, diabetic patients should control the total calories of their daily meals according to their own needs, to achieve a reasonable meal mix, nutritional balance, carbohydrates should account for 50%-60% of total calories, 12%-20% of protein, 20%-30% of fat. For patients with unstable disease, it is good for diabetic control to divide into 5-6 meals a day.
People treated with insulin such as blood sugar fluctuations, to eat 6 times a day, that is, 3 main meals, 3 additional meals, such as 4, 5 two main meals per day, distributed as follows: breakfast 1 two, additional meals 0, 5 two, lunch 1 two, additional meals 0, 5 two, dinner 1 two, additional meals 0, 5 two.
5, currently advocate not too strict control of carbohydrates, carbohydrates should account for about 60% of the total energy, the daily intake can be in 250 grams to 300 grams, obese people should be in 150 grams to 200 grams. Cereals are the main source of energy in daily life, supplying about 38 grams of carbohydrates per 50 grams of rice or white flour. Other foods, such as milk, beans, vegetables and fruits, also contain certain carbohydrates.
The main food for diabetic patients is generally rice and noodles, but we recommend coarse grains, such as oats, cereals, cornmeal, etc. (not boiled porridge), because these foods have more inorganic salts, vitamins, and are rich in dietary fiber, which has a hypoglycemic effect and is beneficial to blood sugar control.
Second, about sugar food
Diet taboos prohibit sweet foods, such as various kinds of sugar, candy, sweet cookies, pastries, honey and other sugar-containing substances.
1, the so-called “sugar-free food” on the market is actually “sucrose-free food”. The sweetness is the taste of sweeteners, not sugar, but the food used in the production of grain, bean paste and milk in the original lactose can still be converted into glucose. Now on the market can often see “sugar-free food”, “low-sugar food”, etc., some patients in the consumption of these foods, not only did not improve, but blood sugar rose. This is due to the misunderstanding of “low sugar” and “no sugar”. People think that these foods do not contain sugar, and relax the control of food consumption, and the unlimited intake of these foods will also raise blood sugar. In fact, low-sugar foods refer to foods with low sucrose content, while sugar-free foods refer to foods that do not contain sucrose, but these foods are composed of starch, which can be converted into glucose and absorbed in the body, so they should also be controlled.
2.Sweeteners are non-sugar foods, which generally do not raise blood sugar, but it is necessary to measure blood sugar after eating to confirm. Sweeteners cannot be used as first-aid food in case of low blood sugar.
III. About food addition
Diabetic patients should consume food in the prescribed quantity and should not add other food arbitrarily. If hunger is unbearable and the condition permits, food with large volume and low calorie can be added, such as green vegetables, cabbage, cucumber, winter melon and tomato.
Fourth, about high fat, high cholesterol food
Such as egg yolk, animal offal, fish roe, animal oil. Eat less fried food.
For obese combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease, in addition to a more strict dietary control, avoid eating animal offal, egg yolk, caviar, etc. Strict control of animal oils such as butter, lard, butter, etc., in which saturated fatty acids are not conducive to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
V. About fruits
Dried fruits: Fruits and dried fruits should not be consumed in general. If the condition is stable, fruits containing less than 10% sugar can be eaten between meals, such as lemon, orange and pear, etc. The amount of staple food should be reduced when the consumption is large.
1, when the blood sugar has not been well controlled do not eat fruit, when the blood sugar control standards and then try to eat fruit, that is, between the two meals when the lowest blood sugar eat fruit, in half an hour to 1 hour after eating, 2 hours to measure blood sugar, eat what fruit, eat a small amount, to blood sugar is not high as the standard.
2, nuts food (peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds, pine nuts, hazelnuts) is the main component of oil (about 50%), and contains a certain amount of carbohydrates, so should eat less or not. If its hunger, not only will raise blood sugar, but also fat, increasing insulin resistance.
Six, about protein intake
The protein source for diabetic patients, soybeans and their soy products are good, on the one hand, the amount of protein it contains good quality; on the other hand, it does not contain cholesterol, has a lipid-lowering effect, so it can replace part of the animal food, such as meat.
For diabetic patients with combined renal insufficiency, in addition to controlling total calories, attention should be paid to less salt, no salt or less sodium and protein intake according to the condition, protein supply should not be too high, and avoid eating soy products, for uremia should be a low protein diet, protein at about 30 grams per day, staple foods to replace rice and flour, protein supply preferred to high-quality protein, such as milk, eggs, lean meat, etc.
Note: Milk and soy milk are good drinks for diabetics, rich in protein, calcium and many other nutrients, but you can’t add sugar when drinking. When buying, it is best to choose “pure milk” or “original soy milk”. If you have high blood lipids and poor kidney function (such as excessive urine protein), it is best to drink skim milk, not soy milk with more vegetable protein.
And the overall protein intake, it is appropriate to 1 gram per kilogram of body weight per day, drink milk soy milk, other foods should be reduced at your discretion.
Seven, about cooking oil
Such as soybean oil, peanut oil, canola oil and other vegetable oils. Rich in saturated fatty acids lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter and so on less, it is best not to use. Available vegetable oils instead of some animal oils, peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds, melon seeds also contain quite a lot of fat, try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
Eight, about smoking, alcohol
Smoke has the effect of stimulating the release of glucagon, but also tissue hypoxia, microcirculatory disorders. Wine contains high calories, easy to increase weight, beer contains 11 grams of sugar per 100 milliliters, easy to absorb, so that blood sugar, long-term drinking will hurt the liver, causing alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, making it difficult to control blood sugar. So be sure to quit smoking and drink less or no alcohol. Alcohol has a greater impact on the liver, cardiovascular and other systems, and long-term drinking can increase or advance complications.
Nine, about drinking water
Never limit drinking water, otherwise it will cause blood concentration, thrombosis, water and salt metabolism disorders, metabolite excretion disorders and other adverse consequences, to do “drink when thirsty”.