I. Maternal intervention for hepatitis B infection Provide serological markers of hepatitis B infection (two pairs of half) and liver function tests for infected mothers with positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and hepatitis B viral load (HBV DNA) tests in areas with conditions. If necessary, refer to infectious disease specialists to receive appropriate medical services. Maternal injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin has no preventive effect on mother-to-child transmission. 1. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection: All newborns born to hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive mothers should be injected with 100 international units of hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 24 hours after birth (preferably within 12 hours, the earlier the better). The injection method is intramuscular injection, note that the injection site must be different from that of the hepatitis B vaccine, nor should it be inhaled into the same syringe as the hepatitis B vaccine. 2. Hepatitis B vaccination: All newborns born to hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive mothers should complete three doses (times) of hepatitis B vaccination in accordance with the immunization procedures for newborns in the “Vaccination Standards”. In areas with conditions, serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection (two-and-a-half pairs) can be tested 1-6 months after the completion of the third dose (second) of hepatitis B vaccination, i.e., between the age of 7 months and one year old, to determine the effectiveness of immunization.