A study in the Chinese Journal of Epidemiology suggests that early parent-child separation and repeated abuse in childhood are risk factors for aggressive behavior in adolescence. The study was conducted on a whole group sample of 1417 general junior high school students from a township in Anhui Province, and self-administered questionnaires were used to investigate the study participants’ aggressive behavior, parent-child separation and abuse during childhood, and other general conditions. The results showed that boys’ physical aggression factor scores were significantly higher than girls’, and girls were significantly higher than boys in anger factor scores and hostility factor scores. The factor scores and total scores of different types of aggressive behaviors showed a significant increasing trend with grade level. Middle school students of different ages separated from their mothers for the first time showed significant differences in verbal aggression factor scores, hostility factor scores and total aggression factor scores; middle school students of different ages separated from their fathers for the first time showed significant differences in hostility factor scores and total aggression factor scores; middle school students of different ages separated from their parents for the first time showed significant differences in anger factor scores, hostility factor scores and total aggression factor scores, all of which showed that the higher the age of the students, the higher their anger factor scores and hostility factor scores were. There were significant differences in the anger factor score, hostility factor score and total aggression factor score among junior high school students of different ages who were separated from their parents at the same time for the first time. The factor scores and total scores for all types of aggressive behavior were significantly higher for middle school students who had been abused repeatedly in childhood than for those who had not been abused repeatedly of the same type, and most of the differences were significant between groups.