I. Lung cancers most suitable for surgical treatment The most suitable lung cancers for surgical treatment are stage I and II non-small cell lung cancers and some selected stage III A lung cancers such as T3N1M0. N2 patients with clear mediastinal lymph node metastasis on imaging are not suitable for immediate surgical resection. As for stage IIIB and IV lung cancer, surgery should not be listed as the main treatment. Second, according to the degree and nature of complete surgery, surgery for lung cancer can be divided into three types: complete resection, incomplete resection and dissecting and exploring. Incomplete resection refers to surgery in which the primary lung cancer and its metastatic lymph nodes are completely removed without any residual cancer under the naked eye or microscope; incomplete resection refers to surgery in which most of the lesions have been removed but there is residual cancer under the naked eye or microscope. Thoracoabdominal exploratory surgery refers to surgery in which only the thorax is incised but the cancer is not removed or surgery in which only a biopsy is performed. The code of complete resection is R0, the surgery for microscopic cancer residue is R1, and the surgery for sarcoid cancer residue is R2. Choice of lung cancer surgery 1. The preferred surgery for lung cancer resection is lobectomy. 2.Lung lobectomy with bronchoplasty and pulmonary angioplasty is required when the tumor is located at or invades the opening of lobe bronchus. 3.Total pneumonectomy is another common procedure for lung resection. 4.Partial resection refers to the surgery of resecting less than one lobe of the lung, including segmental resection, wedge resection and exact resection. Segmental lung resection is effective in the treatment of lung cancer in two ways: as a compromise operation when lobectomy is not allowed due to lung function, and as a planned operation for T1-2N0 lung cancer. Wedge resection of the lung is not a complete resection procedure. It is generally considered that the normal tissue cut edge should be at least 2 cm from the tumor, and intraoperative frozen section of the cut edge is quite important to determine whether there is cancer residue at the cut edge. The local recurrence rate of wedge resection is 4 times higher than that of lobectomy. For patients with squamous lung cancer with poor lung function, wedge resection followed by postoperative radiation therapy can achieve the same 5-year survival rate and local recurrence rate as standard lobectomy. Fourth, the average surgical mortality rate of lung cancer is 4%. Surgical death for lung cancer lung resection refers to cases that died within 30 days after surgery or during postoperative hospitalization. The causes of death in order were respiratory failure 41%, myocardial infarction 14%, pulmonary abscess and bronchopleural fistula 11%, hemorrhage 7%, pulmonary embolism 6%, and shock 3%. V. The average incidence of recent complications of lung cancer surgery is 34%. Complications were divided into two categories: major complications and minor complications. The order of major complications was pneumonia 6%, respiratory failure 5%, abscess chest/bronchopleural fistula 4%, heart failure 4%, bleeding 2%, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism 1% respectively, and the order of minor complications was heart rate arrhythmia 12%, pulmonary atelectasis 6%, prolonged air leak 5%, laryngeal nerve injury 4%, and wound infection 2%. 6. The long-term complications of lung cancer surgery include loss of lung function and long-term pain. Six months after lobectomy, lung function is reduced by roughly 13%, while total lung resection is reduced by at least 31%. Roughly 1/3 to half of open-chest patients experience chronic pain, but only 10% to 15% of patients require occasional pain medication, and the incidence of severe pain requiring nerve blocks is less than 5%.