Common bile duct stones are common in China and mainly manifest as epigastric pain, especially after eating fatty foods. If the stones obstruct the bile duct and prevent the excretion of bile, they can cause jaundice, which can develop into biliary cirrhosis over time. Bile duct stones can easily be combined with infection, which can lead to epigastric cramps, fever and jaundice, and in severe cases, shock, with a high mortality rate. In addition, bile duct obstruction and inflammation caused by common bile duct stones can lead to biliary pancreatitis, and if not treated in time, some of them can manifest as severe acute pancreatitis, which can endanger patients’ lives. Therefore, common bile duct stones must be treated actively regardless of whether they have clinical symptoms or not. The key to the treatment of common bile duct stones is to remove the stones in the bile duct and release the obstruction. Since stones in the bile duct are difficult to dissolve, it is difficult to remove stones by taking medication. For a long time, the only effective way to treat common bile duct stones is to perform choledochotomy in the abdomen. However, the surgery is very traumatic and the postoperative recovery is slow, and some of them need to be drained by “T” shaped drainage tube for a period of time after surgery. Since the invention of gastrointestinal endoscopy, a minimally invasive treatment method has been gradually explored to remove gallstones without the need for open surgery, which is endoscopic common bile duct lithotripsy. A fiberoptic or electronic endoscope called a duodenoscope is used to perform endoscopic choledocholithiasis, which can be easily passed from the mouth through the esophagus and stomach into the descending duodenum, where there is a bulge in the wall called the duodenal papilla, which is the exit point of the common bile duct. After locating the duodenal papilla, a special plastic catheter is introduced through the inner channel of the endoscope and inserted through the duodenal papilla into the common bile duct, and then a contrast medium is injected into the common bile duct through the catheter. The location, number and size of stones in the bile duct can be shown very clearly under X-ray fluoroscopy. After seeing them clearly, the stone extraction procedure can be started. There is a group of smooth muscles called sphincter in the duodenal papilla, which is used to control the secretion of bile in the bile duct, but the sphincter makes the opening of the common bile duct so small that it must be cut before the stone is removed. The original inserted in the common bile duct of the special plastic catheter has a thin hair-like metal wire, through the handle can be tightened metal wire and make the front end of the plastic catheter outside the metal wire is bowstring-shaped, through the high-frequency current, the tightened metal wire will become an electric knife. The electric cutter is placed on the appropriate position of the duodenal papillary sphincter, and the duodenal papilla is slowly cut open to reveal a large opening at the end of the common bile duct. Since the high-frequency current can coagulate the contacted tissue, the incision usually does not cause bleeding. At this point, the catheter is removed, replaced with a lithotripsy basket or balloon, and inserted into the common bile duct, and the stone can be successfully removed from the common bile duct. If the stones are too large, a lithotripter can be used to mechanically crush the stones in the common bile duct before they are retrieved. Generally, the stones are not removed directly from the common bile duct, but are placed in the duodenum and allowed to pass through the intestine and then pass out naturally through the anus. From the insertion of the endoscope to the successful extraction of the stone, the procedure is usually completed within ten to tens of minutes. Compared with traditional surgical procedures, endoscopic common bile duct lithotripsy has the advantages of no anesthesia, less trauma, less pain, faster recovery, better safety, and lower cost. It is more suitable for patients who are elderly, frail and poorly tolerant of surgery, or who have had a cholecystectomy for residual or recurrent stones in the common bile duct. With the increasing sophistication of endoscopic lithotripsy instruments and the increasing skill of physicians in endoscopic lithotripsy, endoscopic choledocholithotripsy has gradually replaced traditional surgical procedures as the preferred method of treatment for common bile duct stones. This is the gospel brought to patients by the development of modern medicine.