Acute leukemia is the most common type of malignancy in children, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia is more common. Although, the cause of acute leukemia is not clear, the following factors may be associated with a child having acute leukemia: i. Genetic factors. Because leukemia has an obvious family phenomenon, that is, in a family, if someone has leukemia, other family members have a higher chance of getting leukemia, is the leukemia family phenomenon. Second, the pollution of the environment, especially air pollution, such as long-term exposure to paint, benzene, formaldehyde and other chemicals, as children’s DNA is still immature and less stable, stimulated by these chemicals, there is a possibility of genetic mutations, inducing acute leukemia. Third, the influence of physical factors, such as receiving radionuclides, X-rays and other radioactive substances, causing DNA breakage, can also induce acute leukemia.