What conditions occur to be alert to the occurrence of leukemia?
1, fever, common site infection sites: oral cavity, gums, cheeks, perianal and lung.
2, bleeding, skin petechiae, petechiae, oral and nasal mucosa bleeding is common, followed by hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, central nervous system bleeding is rare but dangerous, the main cause of death in leukemia: anemia, manifesting weakness, pallor, palpitations, shortness of breath, etc.
Others: such as enlarged liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone and joint pains, etc.
How to check further after suspecting acute leukemia?
Step 1: Blood routine: WBC ↑, RBC ↓, PLT ↓; white blood cell classification: primitive and naive cells can be seen in blood smear.
Step 2: Bone marrow aspiration. Morphological examination of primitive cells ≥ 20% can diagnose acute leukemia, which is an important basis for the diagnosis of leukemia! 2 ml of bone marrow is taken for immunophenotyping during bone marrow aspiration: monoclonal antibodies are applied to detect differentiation antigens on the cell surface or cell plasma to understand the cell origin and differentiation stage. 5 ml of bone marrow is taken for chromosome examination during bone marrow aspiration, which is important for diagnosis, prognosis, guiding treatment and detection of micro-residual leukemia. 2 ml of bone marrow is extracted at the time of bone marrow aspiration for genetic testing.
Step 3 (admission): Other related tests such as Blood biochemistry: liver and kidney function, LDH, etc.
Immunology: immunoglobulin, hepatitis B, three infections, etc. as well as electrocardiogram and abdominal ultrasound. Preparation for chemotherapy.