The pathogenesis of gallstones includes several elements: 1. The concentration of cholesterol or calcium in the bile is too high, which leads to the formation of solid crystals that precipitate easily in the bile, and aggregates and fuses to form stones. The basis for the formation of cholesterol stones —- cholesterol stones is the imbalance in the ratio of cholesterol, bile acids, and lecithin components in bile, which leads to crystallization, precipitation, aggregation, and stone formation in bile in a supersaturated state. Most of the cholesterol in bile comes from the biosynthesis of hepatocytes, not from dietary cholesterol. Bile pigment stones —- include two types of stones: black stones and brown stones. Black stones are mainly formed in the gallbladder of patients suffering from hepatic sclerosis or chronic hemolytic disease, while brown stones can be formed both in the gallbladder and in the bile duct. Other factors are attributed to the impairment of the gallbladder emptying function, which together lead to bile stagnation and promote gallstone formation. 3, Certain endocrine hormone levels are also associated with gallstone formation. 4, Bacterial infection is the main cause of primary bile duct stone formation. Primary bile duct stones are very common in Asia, and the source of infection may be attributed to parasites such as Schistosoma chinensis or other less clear causes. 5. The prevalence of gallstones increases with age and is more common in women. Pregnancy, obesity, westernized diet, and total parenteral nutrition may increase the risk of gallstones. Ethnic factors are also associated with the development of gallstones, for example, the prevalence rate of western American Indians is more than 75%, which is the highest incidence of gallstones in the world. The incidence of gallbladder stones or cholesterol stones is higher in those who eat more protein, fat, or sugar in their diet. More than 500,000 people have their gallbladders removed each year due to gallstone-related diseases, at a cost of more than $6 billion. The main reasons for the preference for women over men in gallstones may be: 1. Many women, especially middle-aged women, tend to spend more time at home and less time exercising and doing physical work, which inevitably decreases the contraction force of their gallbladder muscle and delays the emptying of bile, easily causing bile stasis and cholesterol crystals to precipitate, creating the conditions for the formation of gallstones. 2. High estrogen level in women will affect the formation of bilirubin glucuronide in the liver and increase non-conjugated bilirubin, while estrogen affects gallbladder emptying, causing bile sweat stagnation and promoting stone formation. The incidence of gallstones increases significantly in those who use estrogen after menopause. 3, physical obesity. Many women usually love to eat high-fat, high-sugar, high cholesterol drinks or snacks, the direct result of this hobby is body fat, and obesity is an important basis for the development of gallstones. Research shows that people who weigh more than 15% of the normal standard, the incidence of gallstones is 5 times higher than normal. 40 years old and above fat women, is the highest incidence of gallstones. 4, do not eat breakfast. I’m afraid that modern women do not eat breakfast than eat breakfast, and long-term skipping breakfast will increase the concentration of bile, which is conducive to bacterial reproduction, easy to promote the formation of gallstones. If you insist on eating breakfast, you can promote part of the bile flow, reduce the viscosity of the bile stored overnight, reducing the risk of gallstones. 5. Multiple pregnancies. During pregnancy, women are prone to biliary tract function disorders, resulting in smooth muscle contraction weakness, so that the gallbladder bile retention, coupled with the relative increase in blood cholesterol during pregnancy, prone to precipitation, the chance of forming gallstones is greatly increased, and the incidence is higher in women with multiple births. 6, snacking after meals. The habit of sitting and eating snacks after meals may be one of the reasons for the increasing incidence of gallstones in China year by year. When people are in a curled position, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, the gastrointestinal tract peristalsis is restricted, which is not conducive to the digestion and absorption of food and bile excretion, sitting after a meal prevents the reabsorption of bile acids, resulting in an imbalance in the ratio of cholesterol to bile acids in bile, cholesterol is easy to deposit. 7, cirrhosis of the liver. This is related to the lowering of estrogen inactivation function in the body of patients with cirrhosis. 8, genetic factors. Genetic factors obviously play an important role in clarifying the risk of gallstones. Gallstones are more frequently produced in close relatives of patients with cholesterol cholelithiasis. The fact that local Americans in the southwestern United States have a high risk of developing cholesterol gallstone disease (>80%) appears to contain a genetic factor.