Mild stenosis can be treated with medication, while severe stenosis requires surgery or interventional treatment, such as carotid endarterectomy or endovascular stenting. In asymptomatic patients, when the stenosis is less than 50%, medication only, such as the antiplatelet drug aspirin, may be given. When the stenosis exceeds 50% and there are corresponding symptoms, it is better to use surgical or interventional methods to reconstruct blood flow; and when the stenosis exceeds 70%, active reconstruction of blood flow is recommended regardless of whether there have been symptoms or not; carotid endarterectomy, intracranial and extracranial vascular bypass, and carotid stenting are feasible. The purpose of the surgery is to eliminate atherosclerotic plaque, relieve arterial stenosis, prevent thrombus dislodgement, and restore blood flow in the carotid artery. Carotid artery endothelial debridement: A 10-15 cm incision is made in the neck of the operation, and after confirming the carotid artery, the distal and proximal ends of the carotid artery are temporarily clamped, and then the carotid artery is incised and the diseased intimal plaque is peeled off and removed, so that the inner wall of the carotid artery is smooth and the inner diameter is restored to normal size. The operation takes only 2-3 hours and the patient can return to normal life 1-2 days after the operation. Carotid artery stenting: Under the protection of a special umbrella to prevent dislodged thrombotic plaque from entering the intracranial vessels, a microcatheter with a balloon is introduced into the stenosis (carotid stenosis) for dilation, and then a special metal stent is introduced, placed into the stenosis and released, and if necessary, the balloon catheter is applied again for re-dilation to reconstruct the blood flow channel. Since the procedure is performed under local anesthesia, the patient can remain conscious during the procedure.