A bone aspiration can detect leukemia. Once leukemia is suspected, a bone marrow aspiration is performed to evaluate the bone marrow. In the case of acute leukemia, more than 20% of primitive as well as naive cells can be seen in the bone marrow. In the case of chronic leukemia, a significantly higher ratio of intermediate to late neutrophils or mature lymphocytes may be seen in the bone marrow. Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease originating from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. Due to the massive infiltration of leukemia cells in the bone marrow and the secretion of hematopoietic negative regulatory factors that inhibit the normal hematopoietic function of other hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, patients with leukemia have a decrease in hemoglobin and platelet count.