In the past year, six new clinical guidelines and expert consensus have been developed in the field of respiratory diseases in China based on international guidelines and national evidence-based medicine, which have guided the clinical work of doctors at different levels in China, and we expect more Chinese elements to be incorporated in the future revised guidelines and consensus. The diagnosis and treatment guidelines for EGFR mutation and ALK fusion positive NSCLC in China guide individualized treatment and improve standardized diagnosis and treatment Lung cancer is the first malignant tumor in China in terms of incidence and mortality, of which 80%-85% are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) The 5-year survival rate of NSCLC patients is about 15%, and about 70% of patients are already in advanced stage when diagnosed. Individualized molecular targeted therapy has become a hot topic in NSCLC research, especially the discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal lymphoma kinase (ALK) as targeted drugs is a milestone in the development of individualized NSCLC therapy. The detection of EGFR and ALK gene status in NSCLC patients is clinically important, and the United States and Europe have developed their own testing and treatment guidelines. This guideline was developed by the Oncology Physicians Branch of Chinese Physicians Association and the Committee of Oncology Clinical Chemotherapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. It aims to improve the standardized diagnosis and treatment in this field in China by systematically introducing EGFR gene mutation detection, EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patient treatment, ALK fusion gene detection and ALK fusion gene positive NSCLC patient treatment. In 2013, the Lung Cancer Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association and the Clinical Oncology Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association jointly organized the 10th “China Lung Cancer Summit Consensus Conference”, which discussed the resistance mechanism and response strategies of small molecule targeted drugs in lung cancer. The experts unanimously agreed that small molecule-targeted drugs should be used to treat lung cancer. Experts agreed that small molecule targeted drugs are a milestone in the history of lung cancer treatment, but their inevitable drug resistance phenomenon has become a bottleneck to further improve the efficacy of targeted drugs; an in-depth understanding of the drug resistance mechanism of small molecule targeted drugs and the formulation of corresponding response strategies according to the drug resistance mechanism and clinical rules are the most urgent tasks to guide the rational application of small molecule targeted drugs. This meeting finally formed the “Consensus on Drug Resistance Management of Small Molecule Targeted Drugs in NSCLC”. This consensus was recommended according to the level of evidence, forming five consensus articles and proposing a clinical management strategy chart. However, due to the complex mechanism of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, there is a lack of high-level evidence-based medical evidence, and more clinical trials on targeted drug resistance are needed.