Hard lumps on the outside of the anal opening may be caused by external hemorrhoids, perianal abscess, etc. 1. External hemorrhoids: varicose veins near the anal opening form external hemorrhoids, which mainly manifests as pain and itching in the anal area, anal swelling, bleeding after defecation and other symptoms, which can lead to hard lumps outside the anal opening. 2. Perianal abscess: it is an infection in the rectal and anal canal tissues or the surrounding interstitial space, and its main manifestation is the redness and swelling of the skin of the anus or rectal area, pressure and pain, and sometimes a hard lump can be touched, which can be accompanied by itching, fever, pus discharge and other symptoms, which can also lead to the phenomenon of long hard lumps outside the anal opening. The cause of hard lumps outside the anal opening may also have other factors, which should be taken seriously, timely consultation, identify the cause of the disease, and follow the doctor’s instructions for further treatment or therapy, so as not to delay the condition.