Lung cancer is one of the diseases most closely related to the people of China. on November 16, 2013, at the China Lung Cancer North-South Summit Forum, lung cancer has soared from the fifth most dangerous malignancy to the health of the nation 30 years ago to the first place, and the incidence and mortality rates are still rapidly increasing. It is expected that by 2025, the number of lung cancer patients in China will reach 1 million, making it the world’s number one lung cancer country. In the results of the first national survey on causes of death published in 1979, the most serious tumors endangering the health of our residents were stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and cervical cancer, with lung cancer ranking 5th and the incidence rate still at a low level. However, the rising trend of mortality of lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer, which are related to environment and lifestyle, is more obvious, among which lung cancer and breast cancer have increased the most, by 465% and 96% respectively in the past 30 years. The tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate in China is lung cancer for men, and breast cancer and lung cancer for women. At present, lung cancer has replaced liver cancer as the first cause of death from malignant tumors in China, accounting for 22.7% of all deaths from malignant tumors, and the incidence and mortality rates are continuing to rise rapidly. Data show that the incidence of lung cancer in China is increasing by 26.9% annually, and the number of lung cancer cases in China is estimated to increase by 120,000 between 2000 and 2005. Among them, the number of male lung cancer patients increased from 260,000 in 2000 to 330,000 in 2005, and the number of female lung cancer patients increased from 120,000 to 170,000 in the same period. In addition, lung cancer has become the “top cancer” in many regions of China. The incidence of lung cancer in Beijing increased by 56% from 2001 to 2010. During the decade, one fifth of new cancer cases in Beijing were lung cancer patients. Lung cancer is still the number one cancer; the incidence of lung cancer in Guangzhou has increased seven times compared to 30 years ago. According to the reporter, China currently produces 1 trillion 700 billion cigarettes per year, the world’s largest, with production 2.5 times that of the second-place United States. China is also the world’s largest tobacco victim, with about 1 million people dying each year from tobacco-related diseases. “Despite a lot of positive publicity from domestic and foreign tobacco companies, there is no doubt that smoking can cause related diseases. There have been numerous clinical studies proving that more than 80 percent of lung cancer deaths are related to smoking, and secondhand smoke is included here.” Currently, lung cancer rates in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom have plateaued or are on a downward trend, while China has regressed 20 years, with lung cancer rates increasing for both men and women, which is related to the country’s tobacco control efforts. There are 350 million smokers and 540 million passive smokers in China, and according to this trend, 3 million people will die each year from smoking-related diseases by 2050. In addition to smoking, air pollution is also responsible for the increased incidence of lung cancer. The International Institute of Oncology has evidence that air pollution can cause lung cancer. There are two environmental factors, one is the large environmental pollution, referring to atmospheric pollution; on the other hand, the small indoor environmental pollution, including decoration pollution and kitchen fumes pollution. In addition, there is also a personality factor. A long time introvert, withdrawn and depressed personality is also a very important factor affecting the development of cancer. Studies have shown that smoking, environmental pollution, occupational exposure, chronic lung diseases, and genetic susceptibility are the main causes of lung cancer. Although smoking has been considered the number one cause of lung cancer, several studies in recent years have shown that, along with the implementation of tobacco control measures, the rising incidence of lung cancer caused by smoking has been significantly controlled, but the incidence of lung cancer, which is positively correlated with environmental effects, has skyrocketed. The positive association between atmospheric pollution and the increasingly severe hazy weather and lung cancer has been confirmed by many experts and authoritative organizations at home and abroad. The University of Ottawa in Canada has conducted a 26-year follow-up study of 180,000 non-smokers in all 50 states and Puerto Rico, and found a significant correlation between PM2.5 and lung cancer. Data from the study showed that there is a strong relationship between air pollution and lung cancer production and mortality, with the more severe the pollution, the more lung cancer and the higher the mortality rate, and vice versa, the less and lower. for every 10 micrograms per cubic meter increase in PM2.5 concentration, the lung cancer mortality rate increases by 15-27%, and the mortality rate of lung cancer is higher for people with lung diseases themselves. The study concluded that tiny particles in polluted air can harm the lungs and damage DNA through inflammation, which may be a direct cause of lung cancer and death in non-smokers. The results of this study have now been published in a leading international journal. Even more worrisome is the trend that lung cancer is growing faster in women. “In the past, we thought of lung cancer as cancer of the elderly, cigarettes and men, but today the trend of increasing lung cancer in women is rather faster than in men.” This is closely related to the increased number of modern women smoking, the younger age of smoking, passive smoking, and the fact that women are exposed to more kitchen fumes. The incidence of lung cancer increases with age, with an accelerated rise in the incidence of lung cancer in people over 35 years of age. Therefore, early diagnosis of lung cancer and early treatment are very important. “Nowadays, people don’t feel so terrible when they have cardiovascular disease or diabetes, while tumors just don’t work, and they feel hopeless when they have them.” In the past 30 years, the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease has dropped dramatically, and the key lies in prevention and early intervention, while most tumor patients are found at a late stage with poor treatment effect. It is recommended that cancer prevention and treatment research needs to be strategically moved forward, including the establishment of national lung cancer prevention and treatment centers, as well as national lung cancer field and community prevention and treatment demonstration sites to provide a demonstration base for lung cancer prevention and treatment. Also, health education classes, including anti-smoking, should be established from kindergarten and elementary schools. Lung cancer has every chance of being cured if it is detected early and treated in time, said the company. “It used to be always advertised that lung cancer can be detected early, but in fact, it is often late lung cancer that is detected early, so the most important thing is lung cancer screening.” Given that CT screening is better than chest X-ray for early diagnosis of lung cancer, it is recommended that people over the age of 40 should have a chest CT at least once a year, and those at high risk (including those with a family history of lung cancer, smoking, etc.) should have a chest CT once every six months. Lung cancer prevention starts with staying away from tobacco. It is never too late for smokers to quit smoking. The results of an international study show that quitting smoking for 10 years will reduce the risk of lung cancer by half. Quitting before middle age can reduce the risk of tobacco by more than 90%. The next step is to improve indoor and outdoor air pollution and control kitchen fumes. For example, the kitchen should have exhaust measures and channels; less frying and more steaming when cooking; and the oil temperature should be controlled within 200℃ when frying. In addition, you can consume more vitamin A, carotene, vegetables, fruits and other foods that are rich in anti-cancer substances. Finally, we call for strengthening the popularization of science through public health institutions and media, and trying to change the status quo of low public awareness of the hazards of air pollution and poor awareness of self-protection. To prevent lung cancer, we should not only stay away from tobacco and avoid greasy smoke environment, but also develop the habit of wearing masks to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances when the air pollution is severe such as haze.