Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed after first-line treatment may be biopsied again to reveal the detection of new biological features (the appearance of resistant biomarkers relative to the initial state, or the evaluation of new biomarkers). With this in mind, Prof. Christos Chouaid et al. from France conducted a prospective multicenter study to assess the feasibility and clinical utility of re-biopsy in advanced NSCLC. The results of the study were published in a recent issue of the journal lung cancer. The study focused on patients with advanced NSCLC who were considered by clinicians to be candidates for repeat biopsy. The primary outcome was the success rate of the procedure. Secondary findings were the mode of operation, new biology, tolerability of the operation, and clinical utility (change in treatment). The study collected 100 patients (male: 44%, mean age: 64.8 years; PS0/1: 88%, adenocarcinoma 89%, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation: 50%; no initial biological characteristics: 16.4%) from 18 centers between May 2012 and May 2013. Re-biopsy was not possible in 19.5% of patients and provided too few or no tumor cells in 25.6% of patients. 30.4% (25/82) of patients had a re-biopsy to guide treatment. Complications were uncommon (2 cases of moderate bleeding and 1 case of pneumothorax). This study suggests that re-biopsy of advanced NSCLC is feasible and that adverse events are acceptable. Therefore, guidelines are needed for re-biopsy, selection of the procedure, sampling site, and laboratory analysis.