Surgical site infection is one of the common complications of surgery. Authoritative data show that surgical site infections are among the top 3 nosocomial infections, with the infection rate of clean incisions (Class I) being about 1.5%, and the infection rates of potentially contaminated incisions (Class II) and contaminated incisions (Class III) being about 5% and 10%, respectively. Preoperative prophylactic application of antibiotics can significantly reduce the rate of surgical site infections. Overseas comparative case trials with large samples have shown that the best results are achieved when administered 0 to 2 hours before surgery. The Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Antimicrobial Drugs prepared by the Chinese Medical Association and others also specify that for those who undergo clean surgery, the drug should be administered 0.5 to 2 hours before surgery or at the beginning of anesthesia so that the concentration of the drug sufficient to kill the bacteria that invade the incision during surgery has been reached in the local tissue when the surgical incision is exposed. A second dose may be given intraoperatively if the duration of surgery exceeds 3 hours, or if blood loss is large (>1500 mL). The effective duration of antimicrobial coverage should include the entire surgical procedure and 4 hours after the end of surgery, with a total prophylactic dosing time of no more than 24 hours, which may be extended to 48 hours in individual cases. For clean surgical procedures of short duration (<2 hours), a single preoperative dose is sufficient. The duration of prophylaxis is also 24 hours or 48 hours if necessary, for those undergoing potentially contaminated surgery. Contaminated surgery can be extended at the discretion of the patient. In cases where infection has developed prior to surgery, the duration of antimicrobial drug administration should be based on therapeutic application. There are two exceptions that need to be noted. One is when only vancomycin-based drugs can be used as prophylaxis, as vancomycin intravenous drip administration requires a longer period of time and is generally chosen to be administered 120 minutes before surgery for 1 hour. The second exception is when the prophylactic application of antibiotics is chosen to be given intravenously immediately after ligation of the umbilical cord in order to reduce the effect of antibiotics on the fetus via the placenta during cesarean delivery. There is a consensus on the timing of preoperative administration, but it is still difficult to ensure in clinical practice. If the medication is given on the ward early in the morning of the day of surgery and the patient receives the medication and then arrives in the operating room, the start of surgery is often 60 minutes later, or even more than 2 hours or longer. This makes it difficult to ensure high blood and tissue drug concentrations at the start of surgery and can affect the effectiveness of preventing surgical site infection. It is recommended abroad that pre-surgical prophylactic antibiotics be brought to the operating room and administered by the operating room nurse and anesthesiologist. They are usually given during the induction period of anesthesia or estimated to be given 30 to 60 minutes before the start of surgery. In China, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University has required surgeons to bring antibiotics for surgical site infection prophylaxis to the operating room with the surgical patient and administered by the surgical nurse since the early 1990s, and has received significant results. Since most antibiotics require a skin test prior to application, the skin test must be done in the ward and clearly documented in the medical record. In addition bringing preoperative prophylactic antibiotics to the operating room is bound to increase the workload of the operating room nurses or anesthesiologists, which requires unified and coordinated management by the hospital and understanding by the staff of the relevant departments.