With the improvement of the living standard of our residents and major changes in the diet structure, the blood lipid level of our population has gradually increased and the prevalence of dyslipidemia has increased significantly. Many people visit the doctor with laboratory test sheets and always ask the doctor what is wrong with high lipid level. In this article, we will elaborate on hyperlipidemia with the guidelines related to dyslipidemia in China. I. What is hyperlipidemia? Lipids mainly refer to cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Hyperlipidemia refers to the level of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein in the blood exceeding the normal range, which can directly cause some serious health hazards, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and pancreatitis. Hyperlipidemia is commonly known as hyperlipidemia or hyperlipidemia. Second, hyperlipidemia is divided into what types? According to the etiology, primary hyperlipidemia refers to the fact that most primary hyperlipidemia is due to a single gene or multiple gene mutations, in addition to poor lifestyle (such as high energy, high fat and sugar diet, excessive alcohol consumption, etc.) associated with dyslipidemia. Most of the primary hyperlipidemia is due to single gene or multiple gene mutations. Since hyperlipidemia due to gene mutations is mostly familial in nature and has a clear genetic tendency, especially for those with single gene mutations, it is often clinically referred to as familial hyperlipidemia. 2.Secondary hyperlipidemia refers to the dyslipidemia caused by other diseases. The main diseases that can cause dyslipidemia are: obesity, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, renal failure, liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, glycogen accumulation disease, myeloma, lipodystrophy, acute porphyria, polycystic ovary syndrome and so on. In addition, certain drugs such as diuretics, non-cardioselective beta-blockers, and glucocorticoids may also cause secondary dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is clinically classified into hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia according to different types. Third, what are the clinical manifestations and hazards of hyperlipidemia? Patients with milder disease may not easily show symptoms of hyperlipidemia in the early stage of the disease. In general, patients may experience dizziness, fatigue, insomnia and forgetfulness, numbness of limbs, chest tightness, palpitations, etc. Most patients with high blood lipids but no symptoms often find hyperlipidemia during physical examination and blood tests. Hyperlipidemia is often accompanied by overweight and obesity. When hyperlipidemia is severe, symptoms such as dizziness, shortness of breath, palpitations, weakness, and numbness in the limbs may occur. Long-term hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis caused by the deposition of lipids in the endothelium of blood vessels can cause coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease, manifesting as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, and lower limb arterial occlusive disease (pain after limb activity). 2012 national survey results show that the average total serum cholesterol in adults is 4.50 mmol/L, and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is 4.9%; triglycerides The average serum total cholesterol was 4.50 mmol/L and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 4.9%; triglycerides were 1.38 mmol/L and the prevalence of hyper-TG was 13.1%. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults was as high as 40.40%, a significant increase from 2002. The rise in serum cholesterol levels in the population will lead to an increase of approximately 9.2 million cardiovascular events in China between 2010 and 2030. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents in China has also increased significantly, indicating that the burden of dyslipidemia and related diseases in Chinese adults will continue to increase in the future. Therefore, regular laboratory tests of lipid levels, early diagnosis, early treatment and monitoring of our health indicators are very important.