Cerebellar ataxia is a group of syndromes caused by damage to the cerebellum due to various reasons. The main clinical manifestations are unstable walking, stumbling, stumbling, inflexible movements, walking with wide feet, difficulty walking in a straight line, etc. It can also manifest as involuntary shaking of the hands, speech disorders, writing larger and larger, etc. There is a wide variety of causes of cerebellar ataxia, and the majority of patients are currently diagnosed with hereditary or neurodegenerative lesions, but there are no specific therapeutic drugs for these causes. However, in this group of patients diagnosed with genetic or neurodegenerative disorders, especially those with sporadic ataxia, there may be a category of treatable factors, namely autoimmune factors, which need to be screened out and treated aggressively, perhaps with better clinical outcomes. In recent years, autoimmune cerebellar ataxia has received a lot of attention, but it is extremely difficult to diagnose clinically, as most of these patients have a rapid onset or progression and require a series of antibody tests to confirm the diagnosis. The spectrum of known autoimmune cerebellar ataxias includes: paraneoplastic subacute cerebellar degeneration, Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, glutenopathy, GAD antibody-mediated cerebellitis, and other antibody-mediated cerebellar ataxias.