Inguinal hernia is commonly known as “small intestine gas” and “hernia”. The main symptom is a protrusion of a swelling on the inner part of the thigh (medial inguinal) when crying or holding the breath, or an enlarged scrotum on the affected side, which disappears when quiet. Most pediatric inguinal hernias are congenital, and almost all of them belong to inguinal hernia in terms of classification. Its appearance is related to growth and development, and the incidence of pediatric hernias generally ranges from 0.8% to 4%, but the incidence of inguinal hernias in premature infants can be as high as 30%. Why do inguinal hernias occur in children? The answer to this question begins with embryonic development, where the male testes originally (as an embryo) grow underneath the kidneys. As the embryo develops and grows, it slowly, little by little, moves downward. By the time of birth, they have entered the scrotum. As the testicle moves, it leaves behind a cavity medically called the “sphincter”. Most children are born with this sheath already closed on its own, so most children do not have a hernia. However, sometimes the sheath does not close in a small number of children for various reasons, and it communicates with the abdominal cavity, resulting in a pediatric hernia, also known as a congenital hernia. In males, there are two testicles, and the right testicle descends later than the left, so pediatric hernias occur more on the right than on the left. In girls, there is also a sphincter, because there is no descent of the testicles, so most of them are closed, but there are also individuals who are not closed after birth and can develop inguinal hernia, but the incidence is significantly less than in boys, and the ratio of male to female incidence is about 16:1. Should I treat my child’s hernia immediately once it is discovered? The answer is not to rush to surgical treatment first, but to observe for a period of time because some children’s sheaths may close again on their own with growth and development some time after birth, so pediatric hernias after birth should not be rushed to surgery and may heal themselves within one year of age. For children within one year of age, parents are worried about more serious cases of hernia, such as frequent falling down and enlarged scrotum. This can be treated with a “hernia belt” or a cotton gauze girdle to compress the groin. This method is simple and non-invasive. However, how to fix the hernia belt requires a specialist to determine the position of the internal ring opening. Treatment with a hernia belt can last until the child is 1.5 years old. If the symptoms of the hernia do not disappear, it means that there is no possibility of self-healing and surgery should be used. The radical cure for pediatric inguinal hernia is surgical treatment. The principle of surgery is to ligate the entrance of the hernia sac in a high position. There are two types of surgery: the traditional open surgery, in which the skin is separated from the abdomen, the entrance to the hernia sac is found and then ligated, and the laparoscopic surgery, in which a small hole is made in the abdominal wall and a laparoscope is used to see the opening of the hernia sac from inside the abdomen and ligate it. Nowadays, the development of medicine has made laparoscopic surgery for hernia in children very mature and able to achieve minimally invasive results. Nowadays, most families have only one child and parents are very concerned about whether pediatric anesthesia will affect the development of the brain. The answer is that modern anesthesia does not affect the development of the brain and intelligence of the child.