Pediatric hernia, some say “air egg”, generally known medically as inguinal hernia or hiatal hernia, is a common pediatric condition that can develop in both sexes and is more common in boys. It is a developmental disorder, specifically due to a different pathogenesis than in adults, but to an unclosed sphincter. The tissues that are usually herniated are the small intestine, the greater omentum, the appendix, etc., and, commonly in girls, the ovaries. If left untreated, intussusception may occur, and if necrosis of the intestine or ovaries occurs, life threatening or ovarian removal may occur. In some boys, an incarcerated hernia can cause ischemia or even necrosis of the testicle on the same side and the necrotic testicle has to be removed. Syringomyelia can be divided into testicular syringomyelia and spermatic cord syringomyelia, which are similar to hernias in that they are both scrotal or inguinal swellings, but the syringomyelia is characterized by the fact that it is not easily and completely retracted into the abdominal cavity, is cystic, painless, and has a positive transillumination test, and is generally harmful to the development of the testicle on its side. (To be continued)