1.Does grease smoke really hurt my lungs? I am a 50-year-old housewife and I have heard that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can easily develop if I inhale kitchen fumes for a long time. Is this true? What should I pay attention to in my life to prevent the development of COPD? There are many factors that contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and many of them are still not well understood. In recent years, it is believed that the environmental factors related to the development of COPD are not only smoking, occupational dust, chemical substances, air pollution and infections, but also the large amount of fumes and soot produced by cooking. Cooking habits such as high heat and stir-fry can produce large amounts of fumes that can cause long-term, chronic adverse airway irritation. Long-term exposure to fumes, this damage may continue to strengthen, especially for those who have chronic airway inflammation, fume inhalation will promote and aggravate the development of the disease. There are also many more irritating condiment volatiles and vapors in the actual cooking fumes, and these harmful substances work together with the fumes to have an even stronger damaging effect on the airways. Therefore, kitchen fume inhalation may be one of the reasons for the development of COPD in Chinese people, especially those who are engaged in long-term cooking activities. COPD prevention should include the occurrence of COPD and prevention of progression to airflow limitation in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main measures include the following. ① Avoid smoking: smokers should quit smoking immediately; ② Avoid or reduce harmful dust, smoke or gas inhalation. For protection against kitchen fumes, kitchen ventilation should be strengthened, cooking habits should be changed, do not make the oil too hot, change the high temperature frying and stir-frying cooking method, do not use smoky cooking oil, fix the range hood to the right height, etc.; ③ Prevention of respiratory infections: including viral, mycoplasma, chlamydia or bacterial infections. Influenza vaccine, Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine may be of some significance for the prevention of susceptible persons who are susceptible to influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. ④ Monitor pulmonary ventilation function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEV1%) in patients with chronic bronchitis. 2.What should I do if I have an acute attack at home? My father is a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in winter, he has to report to the hospital when he has an attack. I would like to know if there is any way to deal with an acute attack at home to relieve his discomfort before going to the hospital? Usually, exacerbations in COPD patients are insidious and progressive unless they are combined with severe lung infections. Patients can be treated at home if they do not have dyspnea that interferes with rest, eating and sleeping, and if they can walk slowly around the room and the patient inhales beta2 agonists at intervals of 4 hours or more. Out-of-hospital treatment for COPD exacerbations includes increasing the amount and frequency of previously used bronchodilators as appropriate. If anticholinergics have not been used, they can be added until the disease resolves. In more severe cases, nebulizer therapy at higher doses for several days may be used. For example, salbutamol 2500 μg, ipratropium 500 μg or salbutamol 1000 μg plus ipratropium 250-500 μg, diluted with saline and nebulized for inhalation. Systemic use of glucocorticoids is beneficial in the treatment of exacerbations and may accelerate remission and recovery of pulmonary function. If the patient’s basal FEV1 is less than 50% of the expected value, additional glucocorticoids such as prednisolone 30mg-40mg daily for 7-10 days may be considered in addition to bronchodilators. antibiotic therapy should be given in case of exacerbation of COPD symptoms, especially if there is an increase in sputum volume and purulent nature. The choice of antibiotics should be based on the type of pathogen common to the patient’s location and drug sensitivity. For acute exacerbation of COPD and severe disease, hospitalization is required. It should be reminded that if the patient’s symptoms (dyspnea, etc.) suddenly and significantly worsen, and the patient can specify the time of acute exacerbation, it is necessary to be highly alert to the combination of pneumothorax, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, acute left heart failure and other serious complications, and in these cases, it is necessary to send to hospital immediately. 3.Will inhaling hormones lead to pneumonia? Some people say that if patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are often treated with inhaled glucocorticosteroids, it will lead to the occurrence of pneumonia. Is there such a risk? In 2007, the GOLD (Global Initiative for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) made the following statements: ① Inhaled glucocorticoids do not change the underlying course of COPD; ② Inhaled glucocorticoids can reduce the number of acute exacerbations of COPD and reduce the symptoms of acute exacerbations of COPD; ③ There are Studies have shown that inhaled glucocorticosteroids can increase the risk of pneumonia; ④Inhaled glucocorticosteroids cannot reduce the mortality rate of COPD patients. However, since acute exacerbation of COPD seriously affects patients’ quality of life and may cause serious complications, such as acute myocardial infarction, some experts still recommend inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for COPD patients, although inhaled glucocorticoids have the risk of increasing the incidence of pneumonia, but the indications for inhaled glucocorticoid therapy need to be strictly grasped: regular use of inhaled glucocorticoids is only applicable to patients with FEV1<50% expected to be treated with inhaled glucocorticoids. Regular use of inhaled glucocorticoids is only indicated for patients with FEV1 < 50% of the expected value and recurrent acute exacerbations (e.g., 3 acute exacerbations in the last 3 years).