If you read the article “Thoracic cancer patients’ treatment choices”, you will find that surgical treatment is an important component of the comprehensive treatment model of thoracic tumors, but not every patient with indications for surgery will choose surgery, the reason for this is that in addition to the economic factors, the fear of thoracic surgical trauma, uncertainty about the exact efficacy of the surgery and the uncertainty of the occurrence of the surgical risk will affect the choice of the treatment modality of patients. The choice of treatment is influenced by the fear of trauma, uncertainty of the exact efficacy of the surgery and uncertainty of the risk of surgery. As the saying goes, if you can take medicine, not injections, and if you can use conservative methods to deal with the first choice is internal medicine, but there are some diseases that conservative methods do not work well, or the chances of a good outcome are much smaller than surgery, that is to say, we say that with the indications for surgery, we still have to choose the first choice of surgery. This is the reason for the existence of surgery. Of course, people’s concern is understandable, first of all, the fear of surgical trauma. Conventional thoracic surgery gives people the impression that it is a large incision, cutting the ribs, traumatic, and postoperative pain is obvious. Nowadays, due to the progress of technical level and surgical instruments, especially the development of thoracoscopic technology, this situation has been greatly improved, some surgeries such as pneumothorax, peripheral benign tumors of the lungs can be completed with only three small incisions of about 1.5 cm, and other surgeries such as early stage lung cancer, esophageal cancer, small lung cancers, and so on, can be completed. Others, such as early lung cancer, esophageal cancer, small mediastinal tumors, etc., can be done in this minimally invasive way, with significant reduction of postoperative pain and small surgical incisions. For some diseases that require conventional incision, the postoperative pain tolerance has been greatly improved due to the application of postoperative painkillers. Secondly, there are concerns about the efficacy of surgery. We say that surgery is not only a means of treatment, but also a blow to the human body and trauma, i.e., both advantages and disadvantages, but as long as there are indications for surgery, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, for benign chest diseases, as long as the effective avoidance of surgical complications, the efficacy of the treatment is certain. For malignant diseases, we say that the good chance is the greatest, for example, lung cancer, the natural course of the disease is about 9-12 months, after surgery about 30% of the 5-year survival rate, radiotherapy 5-year survival rate of 0-15%, chemotherapy 5-year survival rate of 0%, the choice of surgery is the choice of a greater chance of long-term survival, the choice of a positive attitude to treatment. But this is said to be a greater chance, specific to a patient or the efficacy of the uncertainty, whether he can really benefit from surgical treatment, in addition to the specific stage of the disease, i.e., the early effect is good, the effect of the late stage is poor. It also has to do with the ability to survive the risks of surgery. By late, I mean that the preoperative staging is indicative of surgery, but the postoperative pathologic staging is late. The pros and cons of surgery are mentioned earlier, and it is only when we get over the effects of the cons that we can get the real benefits. That is to say, people are worried about the risk of surgery. As long as the surgery, there is still an impact on the body, there is still a certain risk, and even a certain perioperative mortality, but different surgery, the corresponding risk of different opportunities. Now introduce the main surgical risks of the main thoracic diseases. 1, lung surgery: the main pulmonary vascular hemorrhage during the operation, the main postoperative infection, bronchopleural fistula, with the former mainly. The perioperative mortality rate is about 3%. 2, esophagus, cardia surgery: intraoperative mainly due to tumor invasion caused by bleeding and adjacent organs damage, if the tumor invasion is not obvious, lymphatic metastasis is not serious, most of the intraoperative risk is controllable. Postoperative risks include anastomotic fistula, infection and anastomotic stenosis, with anastomotic fistula being the most risky. The perioperative mortality rate is about 3%. 3, mediastinal tumor: intraoperative mainly have the risk of bleeding and damage to the surrounding organs, but also have a huge tumor on the heart due to the risk of compression, postoperative mainly infections, mainly intraoperative. Only by understanding the disease and the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment, it is possible to choose the appropriate treatment. We don’t want to be sick, but if we are, we should try to understand the disease and cooperate with the doctor in the treatment. Here, I would like to quote a poem from Chairman Mao to all the patients: Infinite scenery is on the dangerous peaks. Risks and opportunities exist side by side. I wish all patients early treatment, early recovery.