Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).UC lesions involve only the colon (large intestine), while CD lesions can involve all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, with the terminal ileum and its adjacent colon predominant. The etiology of IBD is not yet clear, but there are four main factors that may play a role: genetic inheritance, environmental factors, intestinal flora and abnormal immune response of the intestine. The age of the population diagnosed with IBD is mainly between 15-30 years old. Second, the main symptoms Clinical symptoms of IBD patients vary in severity, mainly manifesting as diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stools, fever, malaise and weight loss. As a result of systemic inflammatory involvement outside the gastrointestinal tract, patients with IBD may present with arthralgia or arthritis, visual or eye disorders, skin rashes, and liver disease. Symptoms usually show a smooth development of chronicity, but can also suddenly deteriorate and worsen, evolving into a fulminant form, which can lead to serious infection, bleeding or intestinal perforation, or even life-threatening if left untreated. Diagnostic points 1, should be combined with the patient’s medical history, imaging examinations including CT, X-rays, and gastrointestinal endoscopy and other comprehensive assessment of the patient. 2. It should be emphasized that diarrhea caused by common infections should be excluded by stool and blood tests. 3. Abnormalities seen in routine blood tests include: anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, electrolyte disturbances (due to diarrhea), decreased albumin (due to inflammation and impaired nutrient absorption) and vitamin deficiency (common in patients with CD, due to impaired nutrient absorption). 4. Endoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool, including gastroscopy and colonoscopy, depending on the possible site of the patient’s lesion. The diagnosis can often be confirmed by taking a tissue biopsy for pathological examination of the suspected site. Treatment plan 1. Patients with IBD are treated in a graded manner, that is, according to the severity of the patient to determine the treatment plan. For mild patients, anti-inflammatory treatment, oral or enema or application of suppositories is sufficient. For more severe patients, immunomodulators or immunosuppressants should be applied, which can be given orally, subcutaneously or by intravenous infusion. For patients with severe flare-ups, hormones must be applied to suppress them. 2. If conservative medical treatment is not effective, surgical treatment should be considered. In addition, it should be noted that patients with IBD who have lesions involving the colon have a greatly increased risk of transformation into colon cancer, therefore, it is necessary to perform long-term colonoscopic surveillance on these patients.