The best treatment for squamous esophageal cancer depends on the stage and location of squamous esophageal cancer as well as the condition of the patient. Synchronized radiotherapy is preferred for esophageal cancer occurring in the neck segment, while radical resection is preferred for esophageal cancer occurring in the middle and lower esophagus without lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis at early stage. After diagnosis, it depends on the status of lymph node metastasis and the depth of tumor invasion to decide whether postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapy is needed. If there is lymph node metastasis, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is needed, and if the tumor is confirmed positive after surgery, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy is needed. In conclusion, the treatment method of esophageal squamous cancer should be judged comprehensively according to the location of esophageal cancer, its stage, the status of lymph node metastasis as well as the patient’s physical condition.