Bladder cancer is considered to be one of the most recurrent malignancies. The treatment of this disease is a combination of surgical treatment, radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Surgery is the basic treatment for this disease. Tumor tissue is removed as much as the patient’s body can tolerate. There are minimally invasive methods available, especially for older patients with poor health, when the cancerous tissue is found only in the mucosal layer. Transurethral resection of bladder tumors is a more appropriate treatment. This method has better results by removing cancerous tissue through minimally invasive means while preserving the bladder as much as possible. For patients with deeper cancerous tissue infiltration, surgery is required to remove the entire bladder as well as some nearby tissues and organs. For men, removal of the prostate and urethra may be required. For women, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and part of the vagina are removed. A pelvic lymph node dissection is also required. For some specific cancers, it may be appropriate to remove only part of the bladder, which is called a partial cystectomy. After the bladder is removed, other tissue is needed to rebuild the bladder to maintain the ability to store urine and pass urine. Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. There are two types of chemotherapy that can be used to treat bladder cancer. One type is localized intravesical chemotherapy, in which chemotherapy drugs are injected into the bladder to treat bladder cancer that has not infiltrated deeply. The other type of chemotherapy is systemic chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy enters the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other particles to destroy cancer cells. The most common method of radiation therapy is called external radiation therapy, which involves irradiating the lesion with radiation therapy instruments to remove the tumor. Biological therapies are also used in the treatment of bladder cancer and are designed to improve the body’s natural defenses against cancer. Drugs such as BCG and interferon are more commonly used for treatment by direct instillation into the bladder. Treatment of bladder cancer is mainly carried out through a combination of surgical treatments. The principle is to kill as much of the cancerous tissue as possible.