Ovarian cysts can be unilateral or bilateral, but the basic management principles are the same whether they occur on the left or right side. Ovarian cysts are divided into physiological cysts and pathological cysts, such as follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, and chocolate cysts, the first two of which are called functional ovarian cysts and are the more common clinical types. Pathological cysts, on the other hand, can be understood as tumors that do appear and often require treatment. Functional ovarian cysts are cystic structures that form during the cyclical changes in a woman’s ovaries during her menstrual cycle, often appearing during or after ovulation. Follicular cysts form when normal ovarian eggs develop and mature; corpus luteum forms after ovulation and enlarges to form luteal cysts. Most of these functional ovarian cysts have no obvious symptoms or signs and are often detected by gynecologic ultrasound and are small in size, mostly less than 5 cm. These cysts are usually harmless to the body and usually disappear on their own with menstruation without treatment and only need to be reviewed periodically (about 1-2 months later by gynecologic ultrasound to assess whether the size and shape of the cyst has changed). When the cyst is large and does not disappear with menstruation, it should be considered a pathological cyst and requires surgery because pathological ovarian cysts have a certain chance of malignant transformation. Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy can be performed electively, during which the cyst wall is peeled off as completely as possible to minimize damage to normal ovarian tissues; if the cyst is twisted or ruptured, sudden severe abdominal pain, internal bleeding or shock symptoms may occur, and the patient should be sent to the doctor immediately for emergency surgery, and laparoscopic oophorectomy can be given if necessary for the elderly and those without fertility requirements. In addition, there is a special type of cyst commonly known as chocolate cyst, or coeliac cyst for short, which is medically known as endometriotic cyst, which is endometrium-like tissue planted in the ovary that undergoes cyclic proliferation and shedding with menstruation, and the accumulated menstrual blood expands to form a cyst. The cysts are named because they are filled with dark red, old menstrual blood and look like hot chocolate. These cysts are more common, and patients may have painful periods or no symptoms at all. They are detected by ultrasound during physical examination, and because they can cause infertility, adhesions, erosion of the ovaries and even surrounding organs, and are also prone to malignancy, surgical treatment, such as laparoscopic colectomy, is recommended.