1. Sleep hygiene education includes: (1) avoid using excitatory substances (coffee, strong tea or smoking, etc.) several hours before bedtime (usually after 4:00 p.m.). (2) do not drink alcohol before bedtime, alcohol can interfere with sleep; (3) regular physical exercise, but before bedtime should avoid strenuous exercise; (4) do not eat and drink or eat indigestible food before bedtime; (5) at least 1h before bedtime do not do mental work or watch books and movies that can easily cause excitement; (6) bedroom environment should be quiet, comfortable, appropriate light and temperature; (7) maintain (7) maintain a regular rest and rest time. (2) Stimulus control therapy: (1) only when there is a sleepy feeling to go to bed; (2) if lying in bed for 20min can not sleep, should get up and leave the bedroom, can engage in some simple activities, and then return to the bedroom to sleep when there is a sleepy feeling; (3) do not do in bed and sleep activities, such as eating, watching TV, listening to the radio and thinking about complex problems; (4) no matter how long the previous night sleep, maintain a regular (5) Avoid taking naps during the day. (3) Sleep restriction therapy: Many insomnia patients try to increase their chances of sleeping by increasing the time they spend in bed, but this often does not work, and the quality of sleep is further reduced. Sleep restriction therapy increases the drive to sleep by reducing the time spent awake in bed to improve sleep efficiency. The recommended sleep restriction therapies are as follows: (1) Reduce bedtime to match actual sleep time and increase bedtime by 15-20 min only if sleep efficiency exceeds 85% for 1 week; (2) Reduce bedtime by l5-20 min when sleep efficiency is below 80% and keep bedtime between 80% and 85%; (3) Avoid daytime sleepiness. (3) Avoid daytime naps and keep the waking time regular. (4) Basic elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy: (1) Maintain reasonable sleep expectations; (2) Do not blame all problems on insomnia; (3) Maintain natural sleep and avoid excessive subjective sleep intention (forcing oneself to sleep); (4) Do not pay too much attention to sleep; (5) Do not get frustrated because one night did not sleep well; (6) Develop tolerance to the effects of insomnia.