Spine surgery is the surgical treatment of dysfunction of the spine due to degeneration, trauma, tumor, inflammation, and deformity of the spine, which is usually divided into two parts: spinal trauma and spinal bone disease. Pathological changes in the spine often result in damage to its adjacent structures such as the spinal cord, nerves, blood vessels and other structures, causing neck and shoulder pain, low back pain, and numbness, weakness, unstable walking, bowel and even sexual dysfunction of the limbs. Most spinal disorders can be treated by conservative means such as physical therapy, but over-reliance on conservative measures, even in cases where the cause of neck and shoulder pain and low back pain is not clear, often delays and aggravates the condition. Patients with these symptoms should be evaluated, diagnosed and treated by a spine surgeon. Spinal surgical disorders often present as neuropathic pain, so some patients often go to neurology, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The following are common admissions to spine surgery: 1. spinal trauma: fresh and old fractures of various types in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine and spinal cord injury of the corresponding segment with neurological symptoms of total or incomplete paralysis. 2, spinal bone disease: degenerative diseases (cervical spondylosis, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis); spinal infection (spinal tuberculosis and septic infection); spinal deformity (scoliosis and kyphosis, i.e., hunchback, oblique neck, hemivertebral deformity, etc.); tumors (tumors of the spine are benign and malignant, and intradural and extramedullary tumors).