Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. The International Society for the Study of Scoliosis suggests that a lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10°, as measured by the Cobb method on standing orthopantomograms, is considered scoliosis. Classification: Scoliosis is divided into non-structural scoliosis and structural scoliosis. 1, non-structural scoliosis: non-structural scoliosis means that there is no abnormality in the spine and its supporting tissues, and the deformity can be corrected on the lateral curvature image or traction image, and the scoliosis can be eliminated after treatment for the cause. Non-structural scoliosis can be caused by the following reasons: (1) Postural scoliosis (2) Hysterical scoliosis (3) Nerve root stimulation: ① disc herniation; ② tumor (4) Inflammation (5) Lower limb unequal length (6) Hip contracture (2) Structural scoliosis: Structural scoliosis refers to the lateral curvature accompanied by rotational structural fixation, and the scoliosis can’t be self-corrected by lying down or lateral curvature or can’t be corrected but can’t be maintained. The scoliosis cannot be corrected by lying down or bending sideways, or it cannot be maintained despite correction, and the affected vertebrae are fixed in a rotational position. Structural scoliosis can be categorized according to different etiologies: (1) idiopathic scoliosis: it refers to scoliosis of unknown cause and is the most common, accounting for about 75%-80% of scoliosis. According to the age of onset of scoliosis, it is divided into ① infantile (<4 years old); ② juvenile (4-10 years old); ③ adolescent (11-18 years old); and ④ adult (>18 years old). (2) Congenital scoliosis: according to the developmental disorders of the spine, there are three types: (1) abnormal vertebral body formation (wedge-shaped vertebrae, hemivertebrae); (2) abnormal vertebral body segmentation (unilateral strip, bilateral fusion); (3) abnormal vertebral body formation combined with abnormal vertebral body segmentation. (3) Neuromuscular scoliosis: This is a deformity of the spine in the coronal plane caused by a lesion of the nerve-muscle conduction pathway in the human body. (4) Neurofibromatosis combined with scoliosis: highly hereditary, accounting for about 2% of the total. It is characterized by six or more café-au-lait spots on the skin, and there may be limited acrodermatophytic neuromas. The deformity continues to progress, even after surgery, and treatment is difficult. (5) Mesenchymal tissue abnormality with scoliosis: commonly seen in Marfan syndrome, which is combined with scoliosis in 40%-75% of patients. (6) Osteochondral dystrophy combined with scoliosis: including curved and deformed dwarfism, mucopolysaccharidosis accumulation disease, etc. (7) Metabolic disorders combined with scoliosis: such as rickets, osteogenesis imperfecta, juvenile osteomalacia and so on. (8) Scoliosis caused by contracture of extra-spinal tissues: such as scoliosis caused by scarring after sepsis or burns. (9) Other causes of scoliosis: ① trauma such as fracture, thoracoplasty, radiation therapy; ② spondylolisthesis lumbosacral joint abnormality. Clinical manifestations: early deformity is not obvious, often do not attract attention. During the growth and development period, scoliosis deformity develops rapidly, and it may appear that the height is not as high as that of the same age group, the shoulders are not equal, and the thorax is not symmetrical. In severe cases, the lateral projection deformity may appear razorback deformity, affecting cardiopulmonary development, and corresponding symptoms of neurological tension or compression.