For congenital scoliosis due to hemivertebra, the more common methods in China are anterior and posterior hemivertebral resection at stage I or II, and simple posterior hemivertebral resection, the latter of which has become particularly popular in recent years and has been carried out in some of the larger hospitals in China. Simple posterior hemivertebrectomy has been reported in China, and the minimum age of operation is 1.5 years old. However, there is controversy, and it is generally recognized that simple posterior laminectomy is more appropriate after the age of 3 years. This is due to the following considerations: 1. At the age of 3 years, the child’s pedicles and vertebral plate are well developed and can better withstand the effects of internal fixation. 2. Postoperative care for children of this age is also relatively better. 3. It is relatively easy to find suitable internal fixation devices for children over 3 years of age. Therefore, the most important issue to consider is the appropriate internal fixation device. However, there are some problems with simple posterior surgery. 1. It requires more surgical techniques and is still in the minority of hospitals that can perform it. 2, trauma, bleeding, the fear of incomplete removal of the anterior vertebrae, and affect the fusion between the upper and lower vertebrae. 3.The possibility of spinal cord injury and other neurological complications is relatively high. The current approach used in our hospital is simple posterior I-stage hemivertebral resection, with complete hemivertebral resection and high fusion rate. The youngest hemivertebrectomy we have performed is over 2 years of age, and we have not done it for children younger than 2 years of age, and very, very few have done it in the entire country. However, Hedequist of Boston Children’s Hospital in the United States has reported the youngest age of anterior and posterior I-phase hemivertebral resection is 11 months, which is the youngest age in the world that I have found. Hedequist is the most famous orthopedic surgeon in the world for congenital scoliosis and the method that he used is also the anterior and posterior combined I-phase resection. In other words, it is possible to do hemivertebral resection in children younger than 1 year old. Our Department of Orthopaedics has a wealth of experience in spinal surgery for ultra-low-age children, especially including perioperative management such as anesthesia, which is unmatched by many other general hospitals. A basic principle of the age of hemivertebrectomy surgery is to operate as early as possible once the deformity is detected. This is because the younger the age of surgery, the better the flexibility of the compensatory curvature, the better the orthopedic effect, the shorter the fusion segment, and the smaller the impact on the child’s future development. Therefore, the common age of 3 years old is not absolute, the key also depends on the child’s spinal deformity degree.