Scoliosis is a symptom or X-ray sign that can be caused by a variety of disorders. It occurs when one or more segments of the spine curve laterally away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane, creating a curved spinal deformity, usually accompanied by rotation of the spine and an increase or decrease in sagittal or anterior lordosis, as well as unequal heights of the ribs, a rotationally tilted pelvis, and abnormalities of the paravertebral ligaments and muscles. Scoliosis usually occurs in the cervical spine, thoracic spine, or the vertebrae between the thorax and the lumbar region, or it can occur in the low back alone. Scoliosis can occur on one side of the spine in a “C” shape or on both sides in an “S” shape. It reduces the volume of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities, and reduces height. Treatment of scoliosis should be based on age at the time of development of the deformity, rate of progression, degree of scoliosis, degree of growth and development, appearance of the deformity, trunk balance and other factors, and the choice of non-surgical and surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment is an early means of treating scoliosis, and is aimed at preventing scoliosis from worsening, avoiding the development of thoracic deformities, and avoiding symptoms of severe visceral irritation such as cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, urogenital and other symptoms. There are various methods, such as massage, physical therapy, suspension traction, etc. Surgical treatment is used in patients with poor results of non-surgical treatment and excessive degrees of scoliosis with obvious symptoms of visceral irritation, with a cobb angle of 40 degrees as the criterion for choosing surgical treatment. In fact, whether the surgeon decides to choose surgery and what kind of surgical plan to use, but also consider the patient’s bone age, growth and development status, the type of curvature, structural characteristics, spinal rotation, the number of spinal columns involved, the distance between the parietal vertebrae and the midline, and in particular, the appearance of deformity and the balance of the trunk, and other various factors. To summarize: scoliosis (Cobb angle less than 45 degrees) can be treated conservatively with a scoliosis orthosis, and surgery is considered for greater than 45 degrees.