The two most common types of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, also known as senile dementia (AD), which affects about 70% of the population, and vascular dementia (VD), which affects about 30% of the population and is caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain, brain atrophy or cerebrovascular disease. The two causes are different, but the course of the disease is basically the same, and both have the characteristics of slow and hidden development, continuous development, subtlety, and gradually revealing symptoms, so that it is difficult for family members or oneself to realize that it may be a manifestation of dementia disease in the early stage, but often mistakenly think that people are old and old, their memory is declining, and they are confused. In the end, when the symptoms of dementia develop to a particularly obvious and unreasonable degree, only then do the family members suspect or realize that it is a manifestation of the disease, the best time for prevention and treatment may have been missed. Dementia may have a genetic predisposition, and secondly, it is related to hormonal imbalance, especially sex hormones. The central nervous system of the brain with low sex hormones in the body will be damaged by a large number of superoxide anion radicals, which will inactivate some substances and produce a large number of toxic metabolites, causing damage to the tissues, and strong oxidation causes oxidative degeneration of intracellular proteins and DNA macromolecules, increased consumption of antioxidants, reduced storage, and increased lipid peroxidation, resulting in peroxidative damage to neurons in brain tissue. The degeneration of nerve cells, especially the progressive degeneration of cholinergic neurons is the main cause of memory loss, disorientation, behavior and personality change. According to incomplete statistics, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is gradually increasing among residents over 55 years old in Changsha, and there is no cure for dementia, so intervention and prevention against risk factors are the fundamental measures to reduce the incidence of dementia, and early detection and treatment is the key to reduce the mortality rate of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients. 1, diligent use of the brain is the key: the brain is different from other organs of the human body, the more the brain is used, the more it is used, the more it is used, the more it is used, the more it is used, the more it is used, the more it is used, the more it is used. 2, comprehensive conditioning: prevention and treatment of senile dementia from the psychological, spiritual, internal and external factors, of which the psychological is particularly important, such as after setbacks, failures and other blows, disillusionment and other negative impact in front of maintaining a good state of mind, maintain a psychological and spiritual balance, more talk with family and friends, communication, active family atmosphere, enjoy the joy of family. More friends, less grudges, sincere in the world, generous to others. 3, diet and nutrition: to eat food rich in L-arginine, and less containing methionine, such as walnuts and other nuts, black sesame, black beans, oats, etc.. 4, scientific and reasonable good lifestyle: daily regular and quantitative physical exercise, fishing trips, chess, calligraphy and painting, combining work and rest, combined with static and dynamic, persistent. More television can not prevent dementia, more dancing, especially ballroom dancing can prevent dementia. 5, application of hormones: men from young adulthood can be taken under the guidance of Chinese medicine to nourish the yin and kidney food plus drugs to increase androgyny and regulate endothelial cell function. Women from postmenopause, early menopause, under the guidance of gynecology with estrogen plus progesterone replacement therapy to protect the endothelial function. 6.Application of antioxidants: Ginkgo biloba preparations, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-cucurbitacin, vitamin D, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, etc., against the production and accumulation of antioxidant free radicals, to protect brain nerve cells. 7.Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor: Donepezil hydrochloride (Amrysin), reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AchE)-induced acetylcholine hydrolysis and increases acetylcholine content at the receptor site, and also through the disposition of neuropeptides, neurotransmitter receptors or Ca2+ channels of direct action, suitable for the prevention and treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. NMDA receptor antagonist: Memantine hydrochloride (1-Amino-3,5-dimethyladamantaneamine hydrochloride), blocks neuronal damage caused by pathologically elevated glutamate concentrations. It is suitable for the prevention and treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. 8, other measures: brain protein hydrolysate, piracetam, oracetam, aniracetam, vincristine, etc. have anti-aging, improve memory and other effects, so as to prevent and treat dementia. The above measures can maintain the endocrine balance, keep the endothelial cell function, and have practical help for the stability of the internal environment of the body, which can prevent and delay the rapid development of dementia, and can reduce the efficacy of the symptoms in the early to middle and late stages. Prevention and treatment of dementia should start at an early stage. Special reminder is that the above 5 to 8 must be carried out under the guidance of a specialist.