Ovarian malignancy is one of the common malignant tumors of female reproductive organs, ranking third in incidence after cervical cancer and uterine corpus cancer. However, the mortality rate of ovarian epithelial cancer is the first among all kinds of gynecological tumors, posing a serious threat to women’s lives. Ovarian tissues are complex in composition and have the most types of primary tumors in all organs of the body. There are great differences in the histological structure and biological behavior of different types of ovarian tumors and their age of predilection, and there are many types of tissues. The main histopathological types of ovarian tumors are: 1. Ovarian mesenchymal tumors of the sex cords: they originate from the sex cords and mesenchymal tissues in the primitive gonads and account for 5% to 8% of ovarian malignant tumors, which often have endocrine function and are therefore also called functional ovarian tumors. 2. Malignant ovarian epithelial tumors mainly include plasmacytic cystic adenocarcinoma, mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. 3.Ovarian germ cell tumors: Mostly seen in young women under 30 years old, preferably in children and adolescents. They are a group of ovarian tumors derived from germ cells, accounting for 20% to 40% of ovarian tumors. 4. Metastatic tumors: the primary sites are mostly the gastrointestinal tract, breast and reproductive organs.