As we all know, maintenance hemodialysis is an important treatment to extend the life of uremic patients. The arteriovenous endovascular fistula is a method often used in clinical practice, in which an arteriovenous anastomosis is made between the radial artery of the forearm and the cephalic vein, and the arterial blood flow is used to enlarge, expand and thicken the vein to form an arteriovenous endovascular fistula tube, which facilitates repeated punctures for dialysis. Therefore, it is crucial to protect the arteriovenous endovascular fistula for hemodialysis patients. The following points should be noted to protect the arteriovenous endovascular fistula: 1. In the early stages of arteriovenous endovascular fistuloplasty (after the stitches have been removed), the patient should make a fist and relax the operated hand every day, not with frequent movements, but with a regular grasp and release for 10 seconds each. This is done moderately every morning, afternoon and evening. The purpose is to allow the internal fistula to “mature” as soon as possible. 2. If you are a patient who was discharged from the hospital three or four days after the endovenous fistula, you will have to go to the hospital to have the stitches removed 10 to 14 days after the surgery. 3.Do not use the hand of endovenous fistula as a “pillow” when you rest or sleep, lift heavy objects or wear bracelets; do not give the hand to medical staff or family members to take blood pressure or give fluids to avoid blockage of the endovenous tube. 4. If there is a pseudoaneurysm in the blood vessels of the hand, it is recommended that you buy “wrist guards” for local protection so that you do not accidentally injure the pseudoaneurysm during your work and cause hemorrhage. It is recommended to touch the fistula at least four times a day to check whether the tremor and murmur of the blood vessels are normal and whether the fistula is open. If you find that the tremor and murmur of the fistula decreases and the blood flow decreases, the fistula may be blocked. Ask the patient to go to the hospital promptly. 6. Before hemodialysis, patients are advised to wash the skin of the upper (or lower) limb with internal fistula with soap for 2 minutes to keep the puncture site clean and reduce the chance of infection in the fistula. 7.If redness, heat and local pain are found in the blood vessels of the hand where the internal fistula was performed, the fistula may be infected and should be seen at the hospital as soon as possible. 8.After the patient has just finished hemodialysis treatment, the nurse will use a gauze ball to help the patient to stop the bleeding by compressing at the puncture site, at which point it is important to check the fistula for murmurs and blood flow. If it is the patient or a family member who is compressing to stop the bleeding, the force should be appropriate, neither causing bleeding nor being so strong that the blood flow is blocked, resulting in a blocked fistula. Generally speaking the gauze ball at the venous end can be replaced with a hemostatic patch 20 minutes after the end of dialysis, while the pressure at the arterial end should be higher and the compression time should be longer, usually about 30 minutes, with variations in specific individual patients. If bleeding is still found at the puncture site when the hemostatic patch is changed, there is no need to panic, as long as the local pressure is applied for a longer period of time.