As a disease of malignant proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, the incidence of acute leukemia accounts for about 3% of tumor incidence, and the mortality rate has reached about 5.4/100,000 people, which is a serious threat to human health. According to the leukemia cell series belonging to different categories of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since most patients with acute leukemia are in poor physical condition and undergo chemotherapy resulting in low immune function, they often manifest clinically as infections, anemia and bleeding, and the anus often increases the chance of perianal infections due to its anatomical structure and functional peculiarities. There are various types of perianal infection-causing bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Patients often experience breakdowns or fistulas in the anal area, which can seriously affect daily life. A variety of causes can lead to the development of perianal infections, including infectious factors, surgical chemotherapy factors, and personal hygiene habits.
We have summarized some of the possible causes of perianal infection in leukemia patients.
1, the special anatomical structure of the anus The anus is rich in fat and sweat glands, while the opening of the anal fistula is upward, mainly used to store feces and large amounts of excrement, which can not only breed a large number of bacteria, but also this part is easily stimulated by urine and feces, inducing cysts. In acute leukemia patients, due to long-term chemotherapy, the mucosal function and immunity of patients are greatly reduced, and the submucosal layer causes ulcers and thrombosis due to bleeding and other phenomena, which can easily cause infection around the anus.
2. Gender and age According to the statistical analysis of this study, the probability of acute leukemia complicating perianal infection varies by gender and age group, and there are statistical differences. The analysis concluded that male and female patients differ in their personal hygiene habits, thus triggering differences in the incidence of perianal infections. Female patients paid more attention to the neatness and maintenance of personal hygiene compared to male patients, had relatively good perianal hygiene, insisted on washing after stool every day, and also changed their underwear regularly to keep their whole body clothes dry and comfortable.
In terms of age, the analysis concluded that the older the patient with acute leukemia, the more likely the patient is to have perianal infection. Due to the weakened metabolic ability of older patients and the reduced immunity of their bodies due to chemotherapy, the probability of perianal infection is greatly increased. These patients should strengthen their physical exercise and diet structure adjustment, maintain a happy mood every day to face the disease, and improve the immunity of the body in order to prevent the disturbance and impact of perianal infection on them.
3, the effect of chemotherapy patients with acute leukemia in the long-term chemotherapy process, in addition to their own immunity to reduce susceptible to infection, chemotherapy drugs can produce certain damage and destruction of the patient’s digestive tract mucosa, intestinal bacteria can enter the patient’s perianal area through the damaged tissue mucosa, causing perianal infection. With the continued use of chemotherapeutic drugs, the damage is aggravated, inhibiting the repair of mucosal cells and further causing the in-depth development of infection. The analysis of this study shows that the chance of perianal infection in patients in remission from chemotherapy is relatively low, therefore, in future clinical treatment, improving the efficacy of patients is the key to reducing the incidence of perianal infection.
4. Neutrophils The decrease in neutrophils has a significant effect on acute leukemia complicated by perianal infection. Patients with acute leukemia have poor cell differentiation ability, lack of granulocytes and reduced immunity, which can easily cause perianal infections. At the same time, the effect of chemotherapy drugs can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation ability of the bone marrow, which can cause a decrease in the body’s white blood cells and the destruction of the body’s defense system, which is more likely to cause infections at this time.
5, the type of leukemia Acute leukemia can be divided into acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, different attributed series of leukemia cells through mutation or excessive value-added can produce different types of acute leukemia, the mechanism of action is different, while the immune capacity of the patient’s body, the ability to resist infection are different, the chance of perianal infection is also different.